{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036692130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090716","title":"Affective assessment of computer users based on processing the pupil diameter signal","display_name":"Affective assessment of computer users based on processing the pupil diameter signal","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036692130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090716","mag":"2036692130","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22254872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6090716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090716","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100767702","display_name":"Peng Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0565-747X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA","Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA 33174"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA 33174","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058435585","display_name":"Armando Barreto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-284X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Barreto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA 33174"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA 33174","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027935788","display_name":"Ying Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-3641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1745920","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Platteville","ror":"https://ror.org/02xpkhc07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1745920"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin, Platteville, Platteville, WI, USA","Electrical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin - Platteville, Platteville, WI, USA 53818"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin, Platteville, Platteville, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1745920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin - Platteville, Platteville, WI, USA 53818","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1745920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049795323","display_name":"Malek Adjouadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Adjouadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA 33174"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA 33174","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100767702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.42827191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82943644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":null,"first_page":"2594","last_page":"2597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9340000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil","display_name":"Pupil","score":0.6858659982681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6602258682250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.5764334797859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5240309834480286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4076322913169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.1913025677204132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.1537611186504364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.14472603797912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0731680691242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06779003143310547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.6858659982681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6602258682250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.5764334797859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5240309834480286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4076322913169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.1913025677204132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.1537611186504364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.14472603797912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0731680691242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06779003143310547}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011680","descriptor_name":"Pupil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011680","descriptor_name":"Pupil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011680","descriptor_name":"Pupil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6090716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090716","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:22254872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22254872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1977579009","https://openalex.org/W2027151471","https://openalex.org/W2032254851","https://openalex.org/W2067318811","https://openalex.org/W2102536947","https://openalex.org/W2125283600","https://openalex.org/W2170537963","https://openalex.org/W2232984046","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W2395763493","https://openalex.org/W2748919816","https://openalex.org/W2787791465","https://openalex.org/W4230277160","https://openalex.org/W6711803347","https://openalex.org/W6743483646","https://openalex.org/W6748441020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2591813577","https://openalex.org/W2005258723","https://openalex.org/W2131715830","https://openalex.org/W2034794801","https://openalex.org/W2749898144","https://openalex.org/W1983377503","https://openalex.org/W2468469523","https://openalex.org/W2390279801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"affective":[1,33,85,114,131],"changes":[2,65],"of":[3,20,38,44,98],"computer":[4,40],"users":[5],"is":[6,14,93,108,124],"a":[7,27,39,89,125],"current":[8],"challenge":[9],"in":[10,66],"human-computer":[11],"interaction":[12],"which":[13],"being":[15],"addressed":[16],"with":[17],"the":[18,32,67,79,84,103,118,122],"help":[19],"biomedical":[21],"engineering":[22],"concepts.":[23],"This":[24],"article":[25],"presents":[26],"new":[28],"approach":[29],"to":[30,62],"recognize":[31],"state":[34,86,115],"(\"relaxation\"":[35],"vs.":[36],"\"stress\")":[37],"user":[41],"from":[42,78],"analysis":[43],"his/her":[45],"pupil":[46],"diameter":[47],"variations":[48],"caused":[49],"by":[50],"sympathetic":[51],"activation.":[52],"Wavelet":[53],"denoising":[54],"and":[55,111],"Kalman":[56],"filtering":[57],"methods":[58],"are":[59,76],"first":[60],"used":[61,112],"remove":[63],"abrupt":[64],"raw":[68],"Pupil":[69],"Diameter":[70],"(PD)":[71],"signal.":[72],"Then":[73],"three":[74],"features":[75],"extracted":[77],"preprocessed":[80],"PD":[81,123],"signal":[82,129],"for":[83,113,130],"classification.":[87],"Finally,":[88],"random":[90],"tree":[91],"classifier":[92],"implemented,":[94],"achieving":[95],"an":[96],"accuracy":[97],"86.78%.":[99],"In":[100],"these":[101],"experiments":[102],"Eye":[104],"Blink":[105],"Frequency":[106],"(EBF),":[107],"also":[109],"recorded":[110],"classification,":[116],"but":[117],"results":[119],"show":[120],"that":[121],"more":[126],"promising":[127],"physiological":[128],"assessment.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
