{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966233979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090189","title":"A data-driven modeling approach to stochastic computation for low-energy biomedical devices","display_name":"A data-driven modeling approach to stochastic computation for low-energy biomedical devices","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966233979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090189","mag":"1966233979","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22254438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6090189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090189","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044514062","display_name":"Kyong-Ho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1581-917X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyong Ho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. kyonglee@princeton.edu","Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. kyonglee@princeton.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057770628","display_name":"Kuk Jin Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-3220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuk Jin Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053157422","display_name":"Ali Shoeb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Shoeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital and MIT, Boston, MA, USA","Massachusetts General Hospital and MIT, Boston, MA 02139, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital and MIT, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital and MIT, Boston, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101645607","display_name":"Naveen Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-5030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveen Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044514062"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78360259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"101","issue":null,"first_page":"826","last_page":"829"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6828957796096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5682677030563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.5226204991340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.47300985455513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.46703407168388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4450400471687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4204578399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.36108487844467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.33874738216400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33253368735313416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28955376148223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12876975536346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09602126479148865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6828957796096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5682677030563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.5226204991340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.47300985455513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.46703407168388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4450400471687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4204578399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.36108487844467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33874738216400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33253368735313416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28955376148223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12876975536346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09602126479148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004868","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004868","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004868","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012640","descriptor_name":"Seizures","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012640","descriptor_name":"Seizures","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012640","descriptor_name":"Seizures","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6090189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090189","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:22254438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22254438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531580315","https://openalex.org/W1972573758","https://openalex.org/W2029503776","https://openalex.org/W2095730858","https://openalex.org/W2104677471","https://openalex.org/W2118552413","https://openalex.org/W2138190513","https://openalex.org/W2151682451","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2170335526","https://openalex.org/W2296253867","https://openalex.org/W2543907405","https://openalex.org/W4236432903","https://openalex.org/W4253998042","https://openalex.org/W6631792231","https://openalex.org/W6658075806","https://openalex.org/W6677797981","https://openalex.org/W6680455596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321091167","https://openalex.org/W2375965968","https://openalex.org/W1990545960","https://openalex.org/W2071051894","https://openalex.org/W2281172090","https://openalex.org/W2100669545","https://openalex.org/W2078396904","https://openalex.org/W4210877067","https://openalex.org/W4289145570","https://openalex.org/W2783571853"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-power":[0],"devices":[1],"that":[2,141],"can":[3,12],"detect":[4],"clinically":[5],"relevant":[6],"correlations":[7],"in":[8],"physiologically-complex":[9],"patient":[10,109],"signals":[11],"enable":[13],"systems":[14],"capable":[15],"of":[16,22,27],"closed-loop":[17],"response":[18],"(e.g.,":[19],"controlled":[20],"actuation":[21],"therapeutic":[23],"stimulators,":[24],"continuous":[25],"recording":[26],"disease":[28],"states,":[29],"etc.).":[30],"In":[31,42],"ultra-low-power":[32],"platforms,":[33],"however,":[34],"hardware":[35,67,121],"error":[36,68,93,145],"sources":[37,69,94],"are":[38,84,95],"becoming":[39],"increasingly":[40],"limiting.":[41],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"we":[45],"present":[46],"how":[47],"data-driven":[48],"methods,":[49],"which":[50],"allow":[51,59],"us":[52,60],"to":[53,61,86,119,131],"accurately":[54],"model":[55,63],"physiological":[56],"signals,":[57],"also":[58],"effectively":[62],"and":[64,80,90,101,114,135],"overcome":[65],"prominent":[66,92],"with":[70],"nearly":[71],"no":[72],"additional":[73],"overhead.":[74],"Two":[75],"applications,":[76],"EEG-based":[77],"seizure":[78],"detection":[79],"ECG-based":[81],"arrhythmia-beat":[82],"classification,":[83],"synthesized":[85],"a":[87],"logic-gate":[88,103],"implementation,":[89],"two":[91],"introduced:":[96],"(1)":[97],"SRAM":[98],"bit-cell":[99],"errors":[100,105],"(2)":[102],"switching":[104],"('stuck-at'":[106],"faults).":[107],"Using":[108],"data":[110],"from":[111],"the":[112],"CHB-MIT":[113],"MIT-BIH":[115],"databases,":[116],"performance":[117],"similar":[118],"error-free":[120],"is":[122],"achieved":[123],"even":[124],"for":[125,133,139],"very":[126],"high":[127,148],"fault":[128],"rates":[129,146],"(up":[130],"0.5":[132],"SRAMs":[134],"7":[136],"\u00d7":[137],"10(-2)":[138],"logic)":[140],"cause":[142],"computational":[143],"bit":[144],"as":[147,149],"50%.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
