{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407130174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem62345.2024.10857123","title":"A Unified Framework to Classify Business Activities into International Standard Industrial Classification through Large Language Models for Circular Economy","display_name":"A Unified Framework to Classify Business Activities into International Standard Industrial Classification through Large Language Models for Circular Economy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407130174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem62345.2024.10857123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieem62345.2024.10857123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem62345.2024.10857123","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101546842","display_name":"Xiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8818-0269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112126584","display_name":"Lan Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011047543","display_name":"Junhao Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-7003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhao Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015505211","display_name":"Yajuan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4030-4864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091207","display_name":"Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00f44np30","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210091207","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajuan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech),Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A&#x002A;STAR),Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech),Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A&#x002A;STAR),Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210091207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109660231","display_name":"Chuan Fu Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9394-7549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091207","display_name":"Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00f44np30","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210091207","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Fu Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech),Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A&#x002A;STAR),Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech),Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A&#x002A;STAR),Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210091207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070558727","display_name":"Zhiquan Yeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2727-1893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091207","display_name":"Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00f44np30","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210091207","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiquan Yeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech),Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A&#x002A;STAR),Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech),Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A&#x002A;STAR),Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210091207"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005659262","display_name":"Gaoxi Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4171-6799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaoxi Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101546842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3693,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69664751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1422","last_page":"1426"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12746","display_name":"Sustainable Industrial Ecology","score":0.3540000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12746","display_name":"Sustainable Industrial Ecology","score":0.3540000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14260","display_name":"Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society","score":0.3368000090122223,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12984","display_name":"Transport and Logistics Innovations","score":0.29649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6249270439147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circular-economy","display_name":"Circular economy","score":0.5942072868347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3513719439506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34285661578178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3309890031814575}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6249270439147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777448596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497743","display_name":"Circular economy","level":2,"score":0.5942072868347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3513719439506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34285661578178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3309890031814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieem62345.2024.10857123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem62345.2024.10857123","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311649","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/036nq5137"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145996143","https://openalex.org/W3046912388","https://openalex.org/W3095319910","https://openalex.org/W3134821681","https://openalex.org/W3144293453","https://openalex.org/W4241691074","https://openalex.org/W4242188851","https://openalex.org/W4387230339","https://openalex.org/W4391092890","https://openalex.org/W4392951791","https://openalex.org/W6745380106","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6859548168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2351943697","https://openalex.org/W3196037140","https://openalex.org/W2753506988","https://openalex.org/W4285555896","https://openalex.org/W4282921144","https://openalex.org/W4210592807","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Effective":[0],"information":[1],"gathering":[2],"and":[3,167],"knowledge":[4,26,51,127,165],"codification":[5,166],"are":[6],"pivotal":[7],"for":[8,62,164],"developing":[9],"recommendation":[10,168],"systems":[11,169],"that":[12],"promote":[13],"circular":[14,156],"economy":[15,157],"practices.":[16],"One":[17],"promising":[18],"approach":[19,103,130],"involves":[20],"the":[21,35,55,89,117,122,150],"creation":[22,123],"of":[23,37,57,124,153],"a":[24,44,50,58,95,125,132,137,161],"centralized":[25,126],"repository":[27,52],"cataloging":[28],"historical":[29],"waste-to-resource":[30],"transactions,":[31],"which":[32],"subsequently":[33],"enables":[34,104],"generation":[36],"recommendations":[38],"based":[39],"on":[40,136],"past":[41],"successes.":[42],"However,":[43],"significant":[45],"barrier":[46],"to":[47,81,113,149],"constructing":[48],"such":[49],"lies":[53],"in":[54],"absence":[56],"universally":[59],"standardized":[60,162],"framework":[61],"representing":[63],"business":[64],"activities":[65,87],"across":[66,171],"disparate":[67],"geographical":[68],"regions.":[69,172],"To":[70],"address":[71],"this":[72,74],"challenge,":[73],"paper":[75],"leverages":[76],"Large":[77],"Language":[78],"Models":[79],"(LLMs)":[80],"classify":[82],"textual":[83],"data":[84],"describing":[85],"economic":[86,98,106],"into":[88,116],"International":[90],"Standard":[91],"Industrial":[92],"Classification":[93],"(ISIC),":[94],"globally":[96],"recognized":[97],"activity":[99,107],"classification":[100],"framework.":[101],"This":[102,146],"any":[105],"descriptions":[108],"provided":[109],"by":[110,159],"businesses":[111],"worldwide":[112],"be":[114],"categorized":[115],"unified":[118],"ISIC":[119],"standard,":[120],"facilitating":[121],"repository.":[128],"Our":[129],"achieves":[131],"95%":[133],"accuracy":[134],"rate":[135],"182":[138],"-label":[139],"test":[140],"dataset":[141],"with":[142],"fine-tuned":[143],"GPT-2":[144],"model.":[145],"research":[147],"contributes":[148],"global":[151],"endeavour":[152],"fostering":[154],"sustainable":[155],"practices":[158],"providing":[160],"foundation":[163],"deployable":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
