{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391423609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem58616.2023.10406836","title":"Solving Capacitated and Time-constrained Vehicle Routing Problems by Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Method","display_name":"Solving Capacitated and Time-constrained Vehicle Routing Problems by Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Method","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391423609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem58616.2023.10406836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieem58616.2023.10406836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem58616.2023.10406836","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014519712","display_name":"Yung Po Tsang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6128-345X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Y.P. Tsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,Hong Kong","Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076664509","display_name":"Daniel Y. Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8307-9065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47605537","display_name":"The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/04fa64g55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47605537"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Y. Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong,Department of Supply Chain and Information Management,Hong Kong","Department of Supply Chain and Information Management, The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong,Department of Supply Chain and Information Management,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47605537","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Supply Chain and Information Management, The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47605537","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104669154","display_name":"K.T. Chung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.T. Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,Hong Kong","Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004693919","display_name":"C.K.M. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8577-4547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.K.M. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,Hong Kong","Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014519712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34579439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"1578","last_page":"1582"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8827996253967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7412169575691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.6664615869522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6644997000694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.5617476105690002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4542560577392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.431654155254364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.3913425803184509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8827996253967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7412169575691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.6664615869522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6644997000694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.5617476105690002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4542560577392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.431654155254364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3913425803184509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieem58616.2023.10406836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem58616.2023.10406836","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8194851452","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G-UARK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W194441499","https://openalex.org/W1849277329","https://openalex.org/W1965882376","https://openalex.org/W1976333517","https://openalex.org/W1985290529","https://openalex.org/W1987132101","https://openalex.org/W2014667413","https://openalex.org/W2034288630","https://openalex.org/W2062848345","https://openalex.org/W2098090443","https://openalex.org/W2114939271","https://openalex.org/W2121180493","https://openalex.org/W2345852648","https://openalex.org/W2469644863","https://openalex.org/W2734178606","https://openalex.org/W3047863327","https://openalex.org/W3097400948","https://openalex.org/W4295138992","https://openalex.org/W6748487558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W2059640416","https://openalex.org/W1490753184","https://openalex.org/W2284465472","https://openalex.org/W2291782699","https://openalex.org/W1993948687","https://openalex.org/W2000169967","https://openalex.org/W2112883198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,106],"Capacitated":[1],"and":[2,19,52,59,90,103,123,131,137],"Time-Constrained":[3],"Vehicle":[4],"Routing":[5],"Problem":[6],"(CTCVRP)":[7],"is":[8],"regarded":[9],"as":[10],"a":[11,27,112,118,129,146],"complex":[12],"but":[13],"essential,":[14],"optimization":[15],"mission":[16],"in":[17,39,68,98,145],"logistics":[18],"transportation":[20],"systems.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23,109],"paper,":[24],"we":[25],"propose":[26],"novel":[28],"approach":[29,45,122],"to":[30,35,47,71],"use":[31],"deep":[32,119],"reinforcement":[33,63,113,120],"learning":[34,64,74,114],"solve":[36],"the":[37,73,88],"CTCVRP":[38],"an":[40],"e-fulfilment":[41],"center":[42],"environment.":[43,148],"Our":[44],"aims":[46],"deal":[48],"with":[49,142],"both":[50],"capacity":[51],"time":[53],"constraints,":[54],"ensuring":[55],"optimal":[56,77],"resource":[57],"allocation":[58],"timely":[60],"deliveries.":[61],"Deep":[62],"algorithms":[65],"are":[66],"developed":[67],"Python":[69],"environment":[70],"guide":[72],"agent":[75],"towards":[76],"decisions":[78],"while":[79],"satisfying":[80],"constraints.":[81],"Experimental":[82],"evaluations":[83],"on":[84],"benchmarking":[85],"instances":[86],"demonstrate":[87],"viability":[89],"effectiveness":[91],"of":[92,100,108],"our":[93],"approach,":[94],"surpassing":[95],"state-of-the-art":[96],"techniques":[97],"terms":[99],"solution":[101,133],"quality":[102],"computational":[104],"efficiency.":[105],"contributions":[107],"work":[110],"include":[111],"formulation":[115],"for":[116,134],"CTCVRP,":[117],"learning-based":[121],"experimental":[124],"analysis.":[125],"This":[126],"research":[127],"provides":[128],"scalable":[130],"adaptable":[132],"solving":[135],"capacitated":[136],"time-constrained":[138],"vehicle":[139],"routing":[140],"problems":[141],"high":[143],"practicality":[144],"real-life":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}