{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119836767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem45057.2020.9309665","title":"What Makes a Robot Robotic? Application of Speed, Fluidity and Animation Principles to Define Human Versus Robotic Movement","display_name":"What Makes a Robot Robotic? Application of Speed, Fluidity and Animation Principles to Define Human Versus Robotic Movement","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119836767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem45057.2020.9309665","mag":"3119836767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieem45057.2020.9309665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem45057.2020.9309665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085796345","display_name":"Andrew Prahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3675-3007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Prahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102755390","display_name":"Bernd Schmitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9089-0761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. J. Schmitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085796345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63604424,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"499","last_page":"503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement","display_name":"Movement (music)","score":0.7484666705131531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.6947930455207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6711608171463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6555681824684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanoid-robot","display_name":"Humanoid robot","score":0.5891807079315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5831226706504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5267844796180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4813050329685211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4571951627731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surprise","display_name":"Surprise","score":0.4440719485282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.4124811589717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.1981300711631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16173934936523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.14678817987442017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.7484666705131531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.6947930455207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6711608171463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6555681824684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60692881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584529","display_name":"Humanoid robot","level":3,"score":0.5891807079315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5831226706504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5267844796180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4813050329685211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4571951627731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333173","display_name":"Surprise","level":2,"score":0.4440719485282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.4124811589717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.1981300711631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16173934936523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.14678817987442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieem45057.2020.9309665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem45057.2020.9309665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311649","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/036nq5137"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55328052","https://openalex.org/W571183529","https://openalex.org/W1983423649","https://openalex.org/W1985053256","https://openalex.org/W2024649868","https://openalex.org/W2052971528","https://openalex.org/W2072617587","https://openalex.org/W2095436958","https://openalex.org/W2147095743","https://openalex.org/W2161460193","https://openalex.org/W2485785789","https://openalex.org/W2891550898","https://openalex.org/W2922127468","https://openalex.org/W3143073753","https://openalex.org/W4252338750","https://openalex.org/W6602263454","https://openalex.org/W6682015823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4236382845","https://openalex.org/W4388712630","https://openalex.org/W2481168998","https://openalex.org/W2476994687","https://openalex.org/W642988558","https://openalex.org/W2324507472","https://openalex.org/W2511141457","https://openalex.org/W1999899047","https://openalex.org/W2173353921","https://openalex.org/W2810824260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,34,58,86,120],"define":[4],"what":[5,40],"robotic":[6,125,138,151],"movement":[7,42,66,109,133,139],"is.":[8],"A":[9],"great":[10],"deal":[11],"of":[12,23,30,39,52,75,99,113,124,137,150],"research":[13,31],"has":[14],"been":[15],"done":[16],"on":[17,67],"nonverbal":[18],"communication":[19],"and":[20,71,116],"the":[21,45,65,73,89,93,97],"perception":[22],"robot":[24,82,100],"movements,":[25],"but":[26],"this":[27],"large":[28],"body":[29],"is":[32,43],"yet":[33],"have":[35],"a":[36,50,59,68,81,122],"solid":[37],"definition":[38,123],"\"robotic\"":[41],"in":[44,88,92,118],"first":[46],"place.":[47],"We":[48,95],"present":[49],"series":[51],"8":[53],"stop":[54],"motion":[55],"video":[56],"clips":[57],"general":[60],"population":[61],"sample":[62],"who":[63],"rates":[64],"robotic-human":[69],"continuum":[70],"reports":[72],"amount":[74],"surprise":[76],"they":[77],"would":[78],"experience":[79],"if":[80],"or":[83,104],"human":[84],"were":[85],"move":[87],"manner":[90],"portrayed":[91],"clip.":[94],"manipulate":[96,108],"type":[98],"as":[101,145],"either":[102],"industrial":[103],"humanoid.":[105],"Additionally,":[106],"we":[107],"by":[110],"applying":[111],"principles":[112],"speed,":[114],"fluidity":[115],"animation":[117,141],"order":[119],"generate":[121],"movement.":[126,152],"Results":[127],"suggest":[128],"that":[129],"asynchronous,":[130],"separated":[131],"axis":[132],"produces":[134],"higher":[135],"perceptions":[136,149],"whereas":[140],"principle":[142],"applications":[143],"such":[144],"hesitation":[146],"can":[147],"suppress":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
