{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3170269421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443393","title":"Hardware Architecture of a Decentralized Massive MIMO Equalizer based on Gauss-Seidel Detection","display_name":"Hardware Architecture of a Decentralized Massive MIMO Equalizer based on Gauss-Seidel Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3170269421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443393","mag":"3170269421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443393","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 54th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052083201","display_name":"Ludwig Karsthof","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099603","display_name":"Institute of Electrodynamics","ror":"https://ror.org/010c2f249","country_code":"UA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149851306","https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]}],"countries":["DE","UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludwig Karsthof","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bremen,Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me),Bremen,Germany","Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen,Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me),Bremen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015103826","display_name":"Pascal Seidel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099603","display_name":"Institute of Electrodynamics","ror":"https://ror.org/010c2f249","country_code":"UA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149851306","https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]}],"countries":["DE","UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Seidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bremen,Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me),Bremen,Germany","Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen,Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me),Bremen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031544119","display_name":"Raik Milautzki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099603","display_name":"Institute of Electrodynamics","ror":"https://ror.org/010c2f249","country_code":"UA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149851306","https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]}],"countries":["DE","UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raik Milautzki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bremen,Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me),Bremen,Germany","Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen,Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me),Bremen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036550765","display_name":"Jochen Rust","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1345-076X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jochen Rust","raw_affiliation_strings":["DSI Aerospace Technologie GmbH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DSI Aerospace Technologie GmbH","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101959993","display_name":"Steffen Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-0471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099603","display_name":"Institute of Electrodynamics","ror":"https://ror.org/010c2f249","country_code":"UA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149851306","https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]}],"countries":["DE","UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bremen,Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me),Bremen,Germany","Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen,Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me),Bremen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1041,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47795535,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":null,"first_page":"1037","last_page":"1040"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7103038430213928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.7073186635971069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7046547532081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.65877366065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.43769627809524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.40223389863967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36376452445983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.27469342947006226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17486226558685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09454026818275452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7103038430213928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.7073186635971069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7046547532081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.65877366065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.43769627809524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.40223389863967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36376452445983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.27469342947006226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17486226558685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09454026818275452}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443393","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 54th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158991378","https://openalex.org/W2052321444","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2798846079","https://openalex.org/W2888886125","https://openalex.org/W2963290764","https://openalex.org/W2999528193","https://openalex.org/W3013673311","https://openalex.org/W3106282754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165367082","https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W1972641423","https://openalex.org/W1485756991","https://openalex.org/W2376218453","https://openalex.org/W2984236338","https://openalex.org/W2096844293","https://openalex.org/W2363944576","https://openalex.org/W2351041855","https://openalex.org/W2570254841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,49],"massive":[1],"multi-user":[2],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[3],"(MU-MIMO)":[4],"communication":[5],"systems,":[6],"high":[7],"interconnect":[8,72],"data":[9,73],"rates":[10],"are":[11],"a":[12,54,58],"major":[13],"problem":[14],"when":[15],"the":[16,21,39,69,89],"number":[17],"of":[18,42,44],"antennas":[19,45],"at":[20],"base":[22],"station":[23],"increases.":[24],"For":[25],"some":[26],"years,":[27],"decentralized":[28,59],"approaches":[29],"have":[30],"been":[31],"proposed":[32],"which":[33,67],"address":[34],"this":[35,50],"issue":[36],"by":[37],"distributing":[38],"receive":[40],"samples":[41],"clusters":[43],"to":[46],"different":[47],"dies.":[48],"paper,":[51],"we":[52],"present":[53,88],"hardware":[55,94],"implementation":[56],"for":[57,81],"matrix-splitting":[60],"signal":[61],"estimator":[62],"unit":[63],"as":[64],"Gauss-Seidel":[65],"equalizer":[66],"lowers":[68],"requirements":[70],"regarding":[71,91],"rates.":[74],"We":[75],"synthesize":[76],"our":[77],"full":[78],"custom":[79],"RTL-design":[80],"an":[82],"Artix-7":[83],"FPGA-prototype":[84],"and":[85,87,98],"ASIC-implementation":[86],"results":[90],"performance":[92],"parameters":[93],"complexity,":[95],"power,":[96],"latency":[97],"throughput.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}