{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3171358707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443275","title":"Separating the Effects of Batch Normalization on CNN Training Speed and Stability Using Classical Adaptive Filter Theory","display_name":"Separating the Effects of Batch Normalization on CNN Training Speed and Stability Using Classical Adaptive Filter Theory","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3171358707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443275","mag":"3171358707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443275","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 54th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067072822","display_name":"Elaina Chai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elaina Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Stanford,CA","Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Stanford,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001436196","display_name":"Mert Pilanc\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-9992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mert Pilanci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Stanford,CA","Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Stanford,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029806914","display_name":"Boris Murmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boris Murmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Stanford,CA","Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Stanford,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067072822"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0605,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82833872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1214","last_page":"1221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7766686081886292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6548981666564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5354276895523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5292232632637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-filter","display_name":"Adaptive filter","score":0.5059501528739929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5030943751335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.4587685167789459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.337704598903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.18898814916610718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07050907611846924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7766686081886292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6548981666564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5354276895523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5292232632637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.5059501528739929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5030943751335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4587685167789459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.337704598903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18898814916610718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07050907611846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443275","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 54th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87496662","https://openalex.org/W1492221128","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1535810436","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2141504882","https://openalex.org/W2142426721","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2591954064","https://openalex.org/W2610805269","https://openalex.org/W2892050531","https://openalex.org/W2907747478","https://openalex.org/W2914484425","https://openalex.org/W2952626150","https://openalex.org/W2962761235","https://openalex.org/W2963037478","https://openalex.org/W2963148870","https://openalex.org/W2963399222","https://openalex.org/W2963966020","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W3022861191","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4255949318","https://openalex.org/W4288621368","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4297779039","https://openalex.org/W4300537377","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6685315510","https://openalex.org/W6734171162","https://openalex.org/W6747683314","https://openalex.org/W6755018615","https://openalex.org/W6755310813","https://openalex.org/W6757468910","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W230091440","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W4294432981","https://openalex.org/W4321441197","https://openalex.org/W2953716828","https://openalex.org/W2469820710"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Batch":[0],"Normalization":[1],"(BatchNorm)":[2],"is":[3,19,27,105,122,143],"commonly":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,136,164,170],"Convolutional":[7],"Neural":[8],"Networks":[9],"(CNNs)":[10],"to":[11,39,68,160],"improve":[12],"training":[13,139],"speed":[14,65,93],"and":[15,45,63,94],"stability.":[16,131],"However,":[17],"there":[18],"still":[20],"limited":[21],"consensus":[22],"on":[23],"why":[24],"this":[25,162,171],"technique":[26],"effective.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30,172],"uses":[31],"concepts":[32],"from":[33],"the":[34,43,54,69,72,82,92,109,126,137,148,174,181],"traditional":[35],"adaptive":[36,189],"filter":[37,190],"domain":[38],"provide":[40],"insight":[41,179],"into":[42,180],"dynamics":[44],"inner":[46],"workings":[47],"of":[48,71,108,125,183],"BatchNorm.":[49],"First,":[50],"we":[51,133],"show":[52],"that":[53,91,112,129,135],"convolution":[55,83],"weight":[56],"updates":[57],"have":[58],"natural":[59],"modes":[60],"whose":[61],"stability":[62,95],"convergence":[64,114],"are":[66,77,97],"tied":[67],"eigenvalues":[70,111,128],"input":[73],"autocorrelation":[74],"matrices,":[75],"which":[76],"controlled":[78],"by":[79],"BatchNorm":[80,146],"through":[81],"layers\u2019":[84],"channel-wise":[85],"structure.":[86],"Furthermore,":[87],"our":[88],"experiments":[89],"demonstrate":[90],"benefits":[96],"distinct":[98],"effects.":[99],"At":[100],"low":[101],"learning":[102,119],"rates,":[103,120],"it":[104,121,158],"BatchNorm\u2019s":[106,123],"amplification":[107],"smallest":[110],"improves":[113],"speed,":[115],"while":[116,157],"at":[117],"high":[118],"suppression":[124],"largest":[127],"ensures":[130],"Lastly,":[132],"prove":[134],"first":[138],"step,":[140],"when":[141],"normalization":[142],"needed":[144],"most,":[145],"satisfies":[147],"same":[149],"optimization":[150],"as":[151],"Normalized":[152],"Least":[153],"Mean":[154],"Square":[155],"(NLMS),":[156],"continues":[159],"approximate":[161],"condition":[163],"subsequent":[165],"steps.":[166],"The":[167],"analyses":[168],"provided":[169],"lay":[173],"groundwork":[175],"for":[176],"gaining":[177],"further":[178],"operation":[182],"modern":[184],"neural":[185],"network":[186],"structures":[187],"using":[188],"theory.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}