{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3150661543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf49454.2021.9382712","title":"A Robust Strategy of Map Quality Assessment for Autonomous Driving based on LIDAR Road-Surface Reflectance","display_name":"A Robust Strategy of Map Quality Assessment for Autonomous Driving based on LIDAR Road-Surface Reflectance","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3150661543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf49454.2021.9382712","mag":"3150661543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieeeconf49454.2021.9382712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf49454.2021.9382712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047921756","display_name":"Mohammad Aldibaja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1764-6380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Aldibaja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Autonomous Vehicle Research, Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Autonomous Vehicle Research, Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110224485","display_name":"Naoki Suganuma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoki Suganuma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Autonomous Vehicle Research, Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Autonomous Vehicle Research, Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393055","display_name":"Lu Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1847-068X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Autonomous Vehicle Research, Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Autonomous Vehicle Research, Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056653968","display_name":"Reo Yanase","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reo Yanase","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Autonomous Vehicle Research, Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Autonomous Vehicle Research, Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006749788","display_name":"Keisuke Yoneda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3247-7001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keisuke Yoneda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Autonomous Vehicle Research, Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Autonomous Vehicle Research, Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047921756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01640019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"712","last_page":"719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7264614105224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6994813680648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6076390743255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6040061712265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5040844678878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4935110807418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance","display_name":"Luminance","score":0.47411850094795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45464619994163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.42134788632392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.4169308841228485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.38534417748451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16375643014907837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7264614105224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6994813680648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6076390743255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6040061712265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5040844678878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4935110807418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.47411850094795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45464619994163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.42134788632392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.4169308841228485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.38534417748451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16375643014907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieeeconf49454.2021.9382712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf49454.2021.9382712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979538570","https://openalex.org/W2080823437","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2139137304","https://openalex.org/W2143220699","https://openalex.org/W2150490197","https://openalex.org/W2461937780","https://openalex.org/W2605103573","https://openalex.org/W2744185614","https://openalex.org/W2757885920","https://openalex.org/W2775532222","https://openalex.org/W2804638980","https://openalex.org/W2890354344","https://openalex.org/W2906152054","https://openalex.org/W2940793188","https://openalex.org/W3040107756","https://openalex.org/W3102369338","https://openalex.org/W3116677405","https://openalex.org/W3124420883","https://openalex.org/W6757041782","https://openalex.org/W6787986209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W2562256921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"map":[1,33,138,197,203],"quality":[2,34,139,198],"assessment":[3,56,199],"is":[4,52,71,144,209],"a":[5,27,74,82,133],"very":[6,195],"important":[7],"process":[8,57],"to":[9,30,53,135,193,211],"bring":[10],"the":[11,32,42,55,59,64,69,95,110,121,129,137,141,154,168,185,190,207,213,218],"mapping":[12],"modules":[13],"into":[14,98,116,125],"levels":[15],"four":[16],"and":[17,78,105,123,150,172,177,187,215,224],"five":[18],"of":[19,37,63,76,153,174,189,222],"autonomous":[20],"driving.":[21],"In":[22,108],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"we":[25],"propose":[26],"robust":[28],"framework":[29,158],"check":[31],"on":[35,147,202],"behalf":[36],"human":[38],"beings":[39],"with":[40,101],"indicating":[41],"possible":[43],"ghost":[44],"areas":[45,143],"without":[46],"using":[47,90],"ground":[48],"truth.":[49],"The":[50,157,180],"essence":[51],"conduct":[54],"in":[58,86,128,162,220],"image":[60,130],"domain":[61],"instead":[62],"point":[65],"cloud":[66],"plane.":[67],"Therefore,":[68],"road":[70,84,106,155],"described":[72],"by":[73,200],"set":[75],"nodes":[77,122],"each":[79],"node":[80],"represents":[81],"considerable":[83],"texture":[85],"Absolute":[87],"Coordinate":[88],"System":[89],"LIDAR":[91],"reflectivity.":[92],"This":[93],"converts":[94],"vehicle":[96],"trajectory":[97],"grayscale":[99],"images":[100,204],"encoding":[102],"stationary":[103],"landmarks":[104],"shapes.":[107],"addition,":[109],"global":[111],"position":[112,118],"errors":[113,119],"are":[114],"converted":[115],"relative":[117],"between":[120],"transformed":[124],"ghosting":[126],"effects":[127],"domain.":[131],"Accordingly,":[132],"mechanism":[134],"evaluate":[136],"at":[140],"revisited":[142],"proposed":[145,191],"based":[146],"sharpness,":[148],"luminance":[149],"structure":[151],"factors":[152],"surface.":[156],"has":[159],"been":[160],"tested":[161],"challenging":[163],"environments":[164],"including":[165],"open-sky":[166],"areas,":[167],"world's":[169],"second-longest":[170],"tunnel":[171],"courses":[173],"dense":[175],"trees":[176],"high":[178],"buildings.":[179],"experimental":[181],"results":[182],"have":[183],"verified":[184],"novelty":[186],"reliability":[188],"strategy":[192],"provide":[194],"trustful":[196],"relying":[201],"only.":[205],"Moreover,":[206],"system":[208],"scalable":[210],"compare":[212],"maps":[214],"significantly":[216],"indicates":[217],"outperformance":[219],"terms":[221],"accuracy":[223],"quality.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}