{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013311142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf44664.2019.9048973","title":"Cram\u00e9r-Rao Lower Bounds for Positioning with Large Intelligent Surfaces using Quantized Amplitude and Phase","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r-Rao Lower Bounds for Positioning with Large Intelligent Surfaces using Quantized Amplitude and Phase","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013311142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf44664.2019.9048973","mag":"3013311142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieeeconf44664.2019.9048973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf44664.2019.9048973","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 53rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063177314","display_name":"Juan Vidal Alegr\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6575-8862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Vidal Alegr\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lund University,Department of Electrical and Information Technology,Sweden","Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University,Department of Electrical and Information Technology,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002140807","display_name":"Fredrik Rusek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-3858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Rusek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lund University,Department of Electrical and Information Technology,Sweden","Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University,Department of Electrical and Information Technology,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063177314"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8159965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"10","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.8356490135192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.6916179656982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.6062610149383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5798990726470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5063873529434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.49622637033462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.48840516805648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.47068482637405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.44236546754837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38425981998443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24707549810409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2156478762626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18821147084236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1566055715084076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.1412850022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.13547149300575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12818747758865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10191217064857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.08902153372764587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.8356490135192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.6916179656982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6062610149383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5798990726470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5063873529434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.49622637033462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.48840516805648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.47068482637405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.44236546754837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38425981998443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24707549810409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2156478762626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18821147084236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1566055715084076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.1412850022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.13547149300575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12818747758865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10191217064857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.08902153372764587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ieeeconf44664.2019.9048973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf44664.2019.9048973","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 53rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:6289376d-e39c-4a69-a99c-631efda7d9e0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/6289376d-e39c-4a69-a99c-631efda7d9e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W2021699271","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2617211273","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2785497843","https://openalex.org/W2896583658","https://openalex.org/W2896743203","https://openalex.org/W2897443154","https://openalex.org/W2907479857","https://openalex.org/W2962927793","https://openalex.org/W2963238659","https://openalex.org/W2963673880","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2997056960","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W6755599637","https://openalex.org/W6755737601","https://openalex.org/W6760868408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2055945594","https://openalex.org/W2765371160","https://openalex.org/W2071636737","https://openalex.org/W3003855539","https://openalex.org/W2139969424","https://openalex.org/W1980576599","https://openalex.org/W2100380749","https://openalex.org/W2751279721","https://openalex.org/W2169621500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,131,156],"envision":[1],"the":[2,33,60,77,84,101,120,137,161,166,171],"use":[3],"of":[4,79,163],"large":[5],"intelligent":[6],"surface":[7],"(LIS)":[8],"technology,":[9],"which":[10,46,175],"is":[11,104,147,151],"a":[12,44,179],"promising":[13],"concept":[14],"that":[15],"goes":[16],"beyond":[17],"massive":[18],"multiple-input":[19],"multiple-output":[20],"(MIMO),":[21],"for":[22,41,122,136,139,182],"positioning":[23,42,123,140],"applications":[24],"due":[25,109,169],"to":[26,29,75,89,107,110,170],"its":[27],"ability":[28],"focus":[30],"energy":[31],"in":[32,59,64,160],"3D":[34],"space.":[35],"The":[36],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[37],"lower":[38],"bounds":[39,135],"(CBLBs)":[40],"using":[43,124],"LIS":[45,80,125,142],"can":[47,95,176],"resolve":[48,108],"amplitude":[49,87,150],"and":[50,67,86,129,149],"phase":[51,85,102,111,128,145],"with":[52,126,141,153],"full":[53,154],"resolution":[54],"have":[55,88],"already":[56],"been":[57],"determined":[58],"previous":[61],"literature.":[62],"However,":[63],"real":[65],"applications,":[66],"specially":[68],"if":[69],"we":[70,118],"consider":[71],"cheap":[72],"hardware":[73,183],"components":[74],"enable":[76],"deployment":[78],"at":[81],"reasonable":[82],"costs,":[83],"be":[90,96],"quantized":[91,127],"before":[92],"any":[93],"information":[94,103,146],"extracted":[97],"from":[98],"them.":[99],"Furthermore,":[100],"more":[105],"difficult":[106],"noise,":[112],"non-coherence,":[113],"etc.":[114],"In":[115],"this":[116],"paper":[117],"compute":[119],"CRLBs":[121],"amplitude.":[130],"also":[132],"derive":[133],"analytical":[134],"CRLB":[138,167],"when":[143],"all":[144],"disregarded":[148],"measured":[152],"resolution.":[155],"present":[157],"numerical":[158],"results":[159],"form":[162],"tables":[164],"including":[165],"loss":[168],"different":[172],"quantization":[173],"resolutions,":[174],"serve":[177],"as":[178],"design":[180],"guideline":[181],"developers.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
