{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415969441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221924","title":"A 5 kW Gallium Nitride String Photovoltaic Inverter with an Efficiency of 98.57% and Power Density of 1.254 kW/L","display_name":"A 5 kW Gallium Nitride String Photovoltaic Inverter with an Efficiency of 98.57% and Power Density of 1.254 kW/L","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415969441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221924"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221924","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2025 \u2013 51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034505482","display_name":"Feng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5416-4316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037355102","display_name":"Po Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ginlong Technologies Co, LTD,Ningbo,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ginlong Technologies Co, LTD,Ningbo,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377946","display_name":"Yiming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-9039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ginlong Technologies Co, LTD,Ningbo,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ginlong Technologies Co, LTD,Ningbo,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kefang Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kefang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064083114","display_name":"Xibo Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8249-5857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xibo Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033639024","display_name":"Wenzhi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7594-3212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73417466","display_name":"Coventry University","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgmhj36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for E-Mobility and Clean Growth, Coventry University,Coventry,U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for E-Mobility and Clean Growth, Coventry University,Coventry,U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036396278","display_name":"Yonglei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1452-0109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonglei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101486287","display_name":"Kai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-4739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28020759,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.7465000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.7465000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.09610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.05209999904036522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.7612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.7150999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gallium-nitride","display_name":"Gallium nitride","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-density","display_name":"Power density","score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-point-tracking","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-micro-inverter","display_name":"Solar micro-inverter","score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-electron-mobility-transistor","display_name":"High-electron-mobility transistor","score":0.39570000767707825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.7612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.7150999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778871202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411713","display_name":"Gallium nitride","level":3,"score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21881925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503313","display_name":"Power density","level":3,"score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53954817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556716","display_name":"Solar micro-inverter","level":5,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162057924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617706","display_name":"High-electron-mobility transistor","level":4,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985627981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828827","display_name":"Power loss","level":3,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207740977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072","display_name":"Current density","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129014197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906544","display_name":"Power semiconductor device","level":3,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118993495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042828","display_name":"Electrical efficiency","level":3,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324963","display_name":"Power inverter","level":4,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178911571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593143","display_name":"Power electronics","level":3,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510052550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422819","display_name":"Gallium arsenide","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221924","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2025 \u2013 51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054078648","https://openalex.org/W2055119297","https://openalex.org/W2899045915","https://openalex.org/W3109555006","https://openalex.org/W3109656706","https://openalex.org/W3115658438","https://openalex.org/W4285135336","https://openalex.org/W4367016641","https://openalex.org/W4391423974","https://openalex.org/W4401607492","https://openalex.org/W4405022507","https://openalex.org/W4407951555"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,35,67,94,98,111],"accelerated":[2],"global":[3],"energy":[4],"transition,":[5],"there":[6],"is":[7,115],"an":[8],"increasing":[9],"demand":[10],"for":[11,86],"photovoltaic":[12],"(PV)":[13],"inverters":[14],"with":[15],"higher":[16],"efficiency":[17,84,120],"and":[18,60,83,105,123],"power":[19,81,125],"density.":[20],"However,":[21],"traditional":[22],"silicon-based":[23,48],"devices":[24],"are":[25],"approaching":[26],"their":[27,80],"physical":[28],"limits,":[29],"constraining":[30],"opportunities":[31],"to":[32,47,51],"further":[33],"enhance":[34],"performance":[36],"of":[37,69,97,110,121,127],"PV":[38,74,88],"inverter":[39,75],"systems.":[40],"GaN":[41,77],"HEMT":[42],"offers":[43],"a":[44,70,106,118,124],"promising":[45],"alternative":[46],"devices,":[49],"due":[50],"its":[52],"superior":[53],"characteristics":[54],"such":[55],"as":[56],"low":[57],"switching":[58],"loss":[59,108],"compact":[61],"device":[62,103],"size.":[63],"This":[64],"paper":[65],"presents":[66],"design":[68],"5kW":[71],"single-phase":[72],"two-stage":[73],"using":[76],"HEMTs,":[78],"highlighting":[79],"density":[82,126],"advantages":[85],"residential":[87],"applications.":[89],"The":[90],"study":[91],"focuses":[92],"on":[93],"operating":[95],"principle":[96],"system,":[99],"control":[100],"strategy,":[101],"passive":[102],"design,":[104],"detailed":[107],"evaluation":[109],"inverter.":[112],"A":[113],"prototype":[114],"developed,":[116],"featuring":[117],"peak":[119],"98.57%":[122],"1.254":[128],"kW/L.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-06T00:00:00"}