{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415968883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221520","title":"A virtual sensor fusion approach for state of charge estimation of lithium-ion cells","display_name":"A virtual sensor fusion approach for state of charge estimation of lithium-ion cells","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415968883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221520","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2025 \u2013 51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073225782","display_name":"Davide Previtali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0284-4368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","display_name":"University of Bergamo","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbd5571","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide Previtali","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bergamo,Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering,Dalmine (BG),Italy,24044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bergamo,Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering,Dalmine (BG),Italy,24044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063494900","display_name":"Daniele Masti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2889-2309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150763","display_name":"Gran Sasso Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/043qcb444","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210150763"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Masti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gran Sasso Science Institute,L&#x2019;Aquila (AQ),Italy,67100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gran Sasso Science Institute,L&#x2019;Aquila (AQ),Italy,67100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000288202","display_name":"Mirko Mazzoleni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-135X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","display_name":"University of Bergamo","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbd5571","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirko Mazzoleni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bergamo,Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering,Dalmine (BG),Italy,24044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bergamo,Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering,Dalmine (BG),Italy,24044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003122504","display_name":"Fabio Previdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3713-7727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","display_name":"University of Bergamo","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbd5571","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Previdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bergamo,Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering,Dalmine (BG),Italy,24044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bergamo,Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering,Dalmine (BG),Italy,24044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073225782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38536788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.6735000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6435999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6182000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5741999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5314000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5181999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4708000123500824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.6735000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6435999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6182000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5741999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5314000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5181999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92757383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497","display_name":"Affine transformation","level":2,"score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23572009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964981","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","level":3,"score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.4345000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518405","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777798563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603916","display_name":"State vector","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152213855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189880","display_name":"Charge-coupled device","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196697905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2042052","display_name":"Input/output","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221520","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2025 \u2013 51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aisberg.unibg.it:10446/312206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10446/312206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196347","display_name":"Aisberg (University of Bergamo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","host_organization_name":"University of Bergamo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993367903","https://openalex.org/W2006829425","https://openalex.org/W2018971094","https://openalex.org/W2075989375","https://openalex.org/W2103480424","https://openalex.org/W2366623718","https://openalex.org/W2805154690","https://openalex.org/W2955355093","https://openalex.org/W2956073752","https://openalex.org/W2969059352","https://openalex.org/W3177420225","https://openalex.org/W4323544162","https://openalex.org/W4385938111","https://openalex.org/W4390959367"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,6,15,57,70,82,92,99,113,118,126,131,139],"estimation":[4,146],"of":[5,11,17,56,66,130],"State":[7],"Of":[8],"Charge":[9],"(SOC)":[10],"lithium-ion":[12],"cells":[13],"via":[14],"combination":[16],"two":[18,119],"widely":[19],"used":[20],"paradigms:":[21],"Kalman":[22],"Filters":[23],"(KFs)":[24],"equipped":[25],"with":[26,85,112],"Equivalent":[27],"Circuit":[28],"Models":[29],"(ECMs)":[30],"and":[31,87,148],"machine-learning":[32,76],"approaches.":[33],"In":[34],"particular,":[35],"a":[36,64,75],"recent":[37],"Virtual":[38],"Sensor":[39],"(VS)":[40],"synthesis":[41],"technique":[42,77],"is":[43,133,142],"considered,":[44],"which":[45],"operates":[46],"as":[47,108],"follows:":[48],"(i)":[49],"learn":[50],"an":[51,104],"Affine":[52],"Parameter-Varying":[53],"(APV)":[54],"model":[55],"cell":[58,114],"directly":[59],"from":[60,69,78,81],"data,":[61],"(ii)":[62],"derive":[63],"bank":[65],"linear":[67],"observers":[68,83],"APV":[71],"model,":[72],"(iii)":[73],"train":[74],"features":[79],"extracted":[80],"together":[84],"input":[86],"output":[88,109],"data":[89],"to":[90,103],"predict":[91],"SOC.":[93],"The":[94],"SOC":[95,145],"predictions":[96],"returned":[97],"by":[98],"VS":[100],"are":[101],"supplied":[102],"Extended":[105],"KF":[106],"(EKF)":[107],"measurements":[110],"along":[111],"terminal":[115],"voltage,":[116],"combining":[117],"paradigms.":[120],"A":[121],"data-driven":[122],"calibration":[123],"strategy":[124],"for":[125],"noise":[127],"covariance":[128],"matrices":[129],"EKF":[132],"proposed.":[134],"Experimental":[135],"results":[136],"show":[137],"that":[138],"designed":[140],"approach":[141],"beneficial":[143],"w.r.t.":[144],"accuracy":[147],"smoothness.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-11-06T00:00:00"}
