{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415969140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221393","title":"Thick electrode battery modeling automated system for cardiac pacemaker applications","display_name":"Thick electrode battery modeling automated system for cardiac pacemaker applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415969140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221393"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221393","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2025 \u2013 51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092712964","display_name":"V\u00edctor Hueros","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V\u00edctor Hueros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carlos III University of Madrid,Power Electronics Systems Group,Leganes,Spain,28911"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carlos III University of Madrid,Power Electronics Systems Group,Leganes,Spain,28911","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072750704","display_name":"C. Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8051-4754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carlos III University of Madrid,Power Electronics Systems Group,Leganes,Spain,28911"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carlos III University of Madrid,Power Electronics Systems Group,Leganes,Spain,28911","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070419597","display_name":"B. Levenfeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-0312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bel\u00e9n Levenfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carlos III University of Madrid,Department of Material Sciences and Engineering,Leganes,Spain,28911"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carlos III University of Madrid,Department of Material Sciences and Engineering,Leganes,Spain,28911","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064156461","display_name":"A. V\u00e1rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8606-5520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro V\u00e1rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carlos III University of Madrid,Department of Material Sciences and Engineering,Leganes,Spain,28911"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carlos III University of Madrid,Department of Material Sciences and Engineering,Leganes,Spain,28911","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000283945","display_name":"A. Barrado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6043-604X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9s Barrado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carlos III University of Madrid,Power Electronics Systems Group,Leganes,Spain,28911"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carlos III University of Madrid,Power Electronics Systems Group,Leganes,Spain,28911","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31052048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th\u00e9venins-theorem","display_name":"Th\u00e9venin's theorem","score":0.7605999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5583999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.5371000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorandom-binary-sequence","display_name":"Pseudorandom binary sequence","score":0.47940000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalent-circuit","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stack","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-identification","display_name":"System identification","score":0.35409998893737793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540940223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241868","display_name":"Th\u00e9venin's theorem","level":4,"score":0.7605999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5583999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5371000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128040838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1810628","display_name":"Pseudorandom binary sequence","level":3,"score":0.47940000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23572009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964981","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","level":3,"score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119247159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366192","display_name":"System identification","level":3,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778642235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3635544","display_name":"Cardiac pacemaker","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780077345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16891888","display_name":"Spice","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88182573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139740","display_name":"High voltage","level":3,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81060104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11653","display_name":"Electronic component","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167343916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888384","display_name":"Modeling and simulation","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221393","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2025 \u2013 51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130980536","https://openalex.org/W2586179349","https://openalex.org/W2789392838","https://openalex.org/W2915867474","https://openalex.org/W2963527384","https://openalex.org/W2963743648","https://openalex.org/W3013497822","https://openalex.org/W3046521420","https://openalex.org/W3165407818","https://openalex.org/W3201438206","https://openalex.org/W3201614204","https://openalex.org/W4328054806","https://openalex.org/W4384786675","https://openalex.org/W4386260309","https://openalex.org/W4386700941","https://openalex.org/W4398169423","https://openalex.org/W4402129629","https://openalex.org/W4402436275","https://openalex.org/W4407941155"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,81,85,109,128,143,157,162,173,179],"modeling":[4,122,172,197],"and":[5,40,60,76,166,170,193,202],"characterization":[6],"of":[7,37,43,84,131,139,145],"novel":[8],"LFP-LTO":[9,133],"lithium-ion":[10],"cells":[11,134,163],"with":[12,33],"thick":[13],"electrodes":[14],"specifically":[15],"designed":[16],"for":[17,120,189,205],"low-power":[18],"applications,":[19],"such":[20],"as":[21,185],"cardiac":[22],"pacemakers.":[23],"The":[24,195],"selected":[25],"cells,":[26,86],"manufactured":[27],"in":[28],"a":[29,34,41,55,87,101,136,186,200],"2032":[30],"coin":[31],"format":[32],"nominal":[35,137],"voltage":[36,113,138],"1.9":[38],"V":[39],"capacity":[42],"15":[44],"mAh,":[45],"were":[46],"modeled":[47],"using":[48],"equivalent":[49],"circuit":[50],"models":[51],"(ECMs),":[52],"including":[53],"both":[54,164],"basic":[56],"first-order":[57],"RC":[58],"(1RC)":[59],"an":[61],"enhanced":[62],"three-RC-branch":[63],"(3RC)":[64],"Thevenin":[65],"model.":[66],"A":[67],"multi-objective":[68],"optimization":[69],"strategy":[70],"was":[71,94,153],"employed":[72],"to":[73,161],"balance":[74],"accuracy":[75],"computational":[77],"complexity.":[78],"To":[79],"capture":[80],"dynamic":[82,124],"behavior":[83],"pulse-PRBS":[88],"(Pulse-Pseudo-Random":[89],"Binary":[90],"Sequence)":[91],"identification":[92],"signal":[93,160],"applied,":[95],"enabling":[96],"precise":[97],"parameter":[98],"extraction":[99],"over":[100],"broad":[102],"frequency":[103],"spectrum.":[104],"Experimental":[105],"results":[106],"demonstrate":[107],"that":[108,178],"3RC":[110,180],"model":[111,181],"achieves":[112],"errors":[114],"below":[115],"0.1%,":[116],"making":[117],"it":[118],"suitable":[119],"accurate":[121],"under":[123],"load":[125],"conditions.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"series":[129],"configuration":[130],"two":[132],"reaches":[135],"3.7":[140],"V,":[141],"matching":[142],"requirements":[144],"conventional":[146],"pacemaker":[147],"batteries.":[148],"In":[149],"addition,":[150],"aging":[151,192],"analysis":[152],"conducted":[154],"by":[155],"applying":[156],"same":[158],"PRBS":[159],"before":[165],"after":[167],"accelerated":[168],"cycling":[169],"then":[171],"results.":[174],"These":[175],"findings":[176],"confirm":[177],"can":[182],"also":[183],"serve":[184],"predictive":[187],"tool":[188],"estimating":[190],"battery":[191],"health.":[194],"proposed":[196],"methodology":[198],"offers":[199],"reliable":[201],"efficient":[203],"framework":[204],"integrating":[206],"new":[207],"thick-electrode":[208],"technologies":[209],"into":[210],"biomedical":[211],"applications.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-06T00:00:00"}
