{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415969020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221331","title":"Physics-Informed Neural Network for DC Solid State Transformers in DC Microgrids","display_name":"Physics-Informed Neural Network for DC Solid State Transformers in DC Microgrids","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415969020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221331"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221331","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2025 \u2013 51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101832046","display_name":"Yu Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1597-6359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong,Department of Electrical Engineering,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong,Department of Electrical Engineering,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002357319","display_name":"Josep Pou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3114-781X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep Pou","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong,Department of Electrical Engineering,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong,Department of Electrical Engineering,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051744665","display_name":"Guibin Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6267-9993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guibin Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University,School of Electrical Engineering,Jinan,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University,School of Electrical Engineering,Jinan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060558704","display_name":"Huamin Jie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2804-6361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huamin Jie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041073456","display_name":"Ziheng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4144-3532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziheng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111714416","display_name":"Ezequiel Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6156-1774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ezequiel Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,Energy Research Institute,Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,Energy Research Institute,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100689189","display_name":"Qingxiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-9547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingxiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong,Department of Electrical Engineering,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong,Department of Electrical Engineering,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101373013","display_name":"Zhige Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-0270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhige Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080302009","display_name":"Yuan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3437-1294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leicester,School of Engineering,Leicester,LE1 7RHUK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leicester,School of Engineering,Leicester,LE1 7RHUK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3645505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.5652999877929688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.5652999877929688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.054099999368190765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.05260000005364418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6847000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6244000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.593500018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5494999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-transfer-theorem","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-network","display_name":"Electrical network","score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.33869999647140503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6847000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6421999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6244000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.593500018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5494999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196796808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132629","display_name":"Electrical network","level":2,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129537906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603913","display_name":"State variable","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28427503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13580300","display_name":"Internal model","level":3,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984679396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602986","display_name":"State dependent","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173871940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471846","display_name":"Three-phase","level":3,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221331","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2025 \u2013 51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2139772385","https://openalex.org/W2345302533","https://openalex.org/W2755510478","https://openalex.org/W2793069035","https://openalex.org/W2796252309","https://openalex.org/W2908140460","https://openalex.org/W2998731325","https://openalex.org/W3033408069","https://openalex.org/W3191324309","https://openalex.org/W3198114222","https://openalex.org/W4205104903","https://openalex.org/W4206630166","https://openalex.org/W4285134945","https://openalex.org/W4285192454","https://openalex.org/W4312219063","https://openalex.org/W4313396699","https://openalex.org/W4385281970","https://openalex.org/W4385284600","https://openalex.org/W4385413437","https://openalex.org/W4390494406","https://openalex.org/W4399563298","https://openalex.org/W4403918910","https://openalex.org/W4403938272","https://openalex.org/W4405232718","https://openalex.org/W4406028200"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"physics-informed":[1],"deep":[2,36],"transfer":[3,53],"reinforcement":[4,37],"learning":[5,38],"(PIDTRL)":[6],"strategy":[7,28],"is":[8],"proposed":[9,79,108],"for":[10,72],"enabling":[11],"advanced":[12],"control":[13,74],"and":[14,43,66,88,93],"modulation":[15,84],"of":[16,35,69,106],"a":[17,24,55,59],"dc":[18,25],"solid":[19],"state":[20],"transformer":[21],"(DCSST)":[22],"in":[23,47,75,91],"microgrid.":[26],"The":[27,78],"involves":[29],"three":[30],"stages:":[31],"(i)":[32],"Centralized":[33],"training":[34],"agents":[39,71],"to":[40,58],"balance":[41],"power":[42],"reduce":[44],"current":[45],"stress":[46],"the":[48,76,104,107],"DCSST;":[49],"(ii)":[50],"effective":[51],"knowledge":[52],"from":[54],"Source-simulation":[56],"system":[57,61],"Target-experimental":[60],"using":[62],"minimal":[63],"experimental":[64],"data;":[65],"(iii)":[67],"deployment":[68],"multiple":[70],"online":[73],"DCSST.":[77],"method":[80],"adaptively":[81],"determines":[82],"optimal":[83],"variables":[85],"(duty":[86],"cycles":[87],"phase":[89],"shifts)":[90],"stochastic":[92],"uncertain":[94],"environments":[95],"without":[96],"requiring":[97],"accurate":[98],"model":[99],"information.":[100],"Experimental":[101],"results":[102],"validate":[103],"effectiveness":[105],"PIDTRL":[109],"algorithm.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-06T00:00:00"}