{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415968989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221051","title":"Energy-Efficient Trajectory Tracking for Novel Hybrid UAV via Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Trajectory Tracking for Novel Hybrid UAV via Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415968989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221051"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221051","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2025 \u2013 51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103325669","display_name":"Wenhao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3199-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,The Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems,Harbin,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,The Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005418535","display_name":"Jixiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-9980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jixiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,The Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems,Harbin,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,The Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057565126","display_name":"Yipeng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0315-0886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yipeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,The Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems,Harbin,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,The Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032709433","display_name":"Hongyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5437-4695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanpu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,The Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems,Harbin,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,The Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100349193","display_name":"Zhan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3928-1642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,The Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems,Harbin,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,The Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30795206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.37630000710487366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.37630000710487366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.1339000016450882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11170","display_name":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","score":0.11659999936819077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.723800003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6079000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5685999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrust","display_name":"Thrust","score":0.4927999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4846999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lift","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.38119998574256897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.723800003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6079000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5685999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5478000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79420006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533668","display_name":"Thrust","level":2,"score":0.4927999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4846999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139002025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001212","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","level":2,"score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4772999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.41130000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91581856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2707001","display_name":"Nonlinear control","level":3,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17281054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193466","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018790387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869010","display_name":"Hybrid learning","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173246807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833062","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","level":3,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221051","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2025 \u2013 51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567463184","https://openalex.org/W2109656638","https://openalex.org/W2951360122","https://openalex.org/W2995871857","https://openalex.org/W3099948065","https://openalex.org/W3151905073","https://openalex.org/W3175304850","https://openalex.org/W3195230107","https://openalex.org/W4285102199","https://openalex.org/W4402770631"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,76],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3],"novel":[4],"hybrid":[5,14],"unmanned":[6],"aerial":[7],"vehicle":[8],"(UAV)":[9],"configuration":[10],"named":[11],"as":[12],"the":[13,34,51,79,96,100,103],"QuadPlane":[15],"with":[16,31,95],"all-moving":[17],"wings":[18,23],"(HQWAW),":[19],"which":[20],"features":[21],"two":[22],"capable":[24],"of":[25,48,54,102],"dynamic":[26],"adjustment":[27],"during":[28],"flight.":[29],"Compared":[30],"conventional":[32],"QuadPlane,":[33],"HQWAW":[35,80],"can":[36],"optimize":[37],"lift":[38],"generation":[39],"and":[40,56,92],"reduce":[41],"rotor":[42],"thrust":[43],"by":[44],"altering":[45],"its":[46],"angle":[47],"attack.":[49],"But":[50],"additional":[52],"degrees":[53],"freedom":[55],"nonlinear":[57],"dynamics":[58],"pose":[59],"challenges":[60],"for":[61],"control":[62,69,85],"strategy":[63,70],"design.":[64],"We":[65],"proposed":[66,104],"an":[67,83],"end-to-end":[68],"using":[71],"deep":[72],"reinforcement":[73],"learning":[74],"(DRL).":[75],"approach":[77],"enables":[78],"to":[81],"discover":[82],"optimal":[84],"policy":[86],"that":[87],"simultaneously":[88],"improve":[89],"tracking":[90],"accuracy":[91],"energy":[93],"efficiency,":[94],"simulation":[97],"results":[98],"illustrating":[99],"effectiveness":[101],"method.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-06T00:00:00"}