{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415969009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221031","title":"Small-Signal Stability Analysis of Grid-Connected AC Systems with Integrated Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Controlled Inverters","display_name":"Small-Signal Stability Analysis of Grid-Connected AC Systems with Integrated Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Controlled Inverters","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415969009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221031"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221031","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2025 \u2013 51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101865393","display_name":"Zijun Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7560-5077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zijun Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanjing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015019956","display_name":"Xiaohui Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5559-0234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanjing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043683058","display_name":"Hongyu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0721-9067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanwen He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanjing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078789729","display_name":"Yubin Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0420-8899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yubin Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanjing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101865393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43858154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7448999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist-stability-criterion","display_name":"Nyquist stability criterion","score":0.6898000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.6115999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.6087999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist-plot","display_name":"Nyquist plot","score":0.6068999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.5081999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/output-impedance","display_name":"Output impedance","score":0.4004000127315521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7448999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7630364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756793","display_name":"Nyquist stability criterion","level":3,"score":0.6898000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.6115999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.6087999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195762429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756793","display_name":"Nyquist plot","level":5,"score":0.6068999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.5081999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58112919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631203","display_name":"Output impedance","level":3,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22762622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628904","display_name":"Operating point","level":2,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16883749","display_name":"Stability criterion","level":3,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C612350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761108","display_name":"Impedance matching","level":3,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207821765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405372","display_name":"Instability","level":2,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65521940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5121443","display_name":"Circle criterion","level":4,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144655898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161128","display_name":"Voltage source","level":3,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92818259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427059","display_name":"Impedance bridging","level":5,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26262908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307489","display_name":"Input impedance","level":3,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76450673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5384722","display_name":"Equivalent impedance transforms","level":3,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8590192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054694","display_name":"Frequency response","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon58223.2025.11221031","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2025 \u2013 51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2610075340","https://openalex.org/W2946128367","https://openalex.org/W3120162193","https://openalex.org/W4213074684","https://openalex.org/W4285247982","https://openalex.org/W4312288202","https://openalex.org/W4387092594","https://openalex.org/W4390830524","https://openalex.org/W4392449942","https://openalex.org/W4393241406","https://openalex.org/W4398226166","https://openalex.org/W4400228890","https://openalex.org/W4401990153"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grid-following":[0],"(GFL)":[1],"inverters":[2,19,50],"exhibit":[3,20],"stable":[4,104],"operation":[5],"in":[6,13],"strong":[7],"grids":[8],"but":[9],"may":[10],"encounter":[11],"instability":[12],"weak":[14],"grids,":[15],"whereas":[16],"grid-forming":[17],"(GFM)":[18],"the":[21,43,54,69,92,96,100,109,113,122,127],"reverse":[22],"behavior.":[23],"Stability":[24],"analysis":[25],"of":[26,72,112,129],"grid-connected":[27,73],"AC":[28,55,74],"systems":[29,75],"with":[30],"a":[31],"single":[32],"inverter":[33],"typically":[34],"uses":[35],"an":[36,85],"impedance-ratio":[37],"criterion":[38,90],"that":[39],"requires":[40],"distinguishing":[41],"between":[42,62],"source":[44,63],"and":[45,64,79,99,106,132,150],"load":[46,65],"converters.":[47,66],"When":[48],"multiple":[49],"are":[51,138],"connected":[52],"to":[53,60,94],"grid,":[56],"it":[57],"is":[58,102,144],"difficult":[59],"distinguish":[61],"To":[67],"evaluate":[68],"small-signal":[70],"stability":[71,87,137],"integrating":[76],"both":[77,147],"GFL":[78],"GFM":[80],"inverters,":[81],"this":[82],"paper":[83],"proposes":[84],"impedance-based":[86],"criterion.":[88],"This":[89],"eliminates":[91],"need":[93],"define":[95],"impedance":[97,118],"ratio,":[98],"system":[101,136],"considered":[103],"if":[105,108],"only":[107],"Nyquist":[110],"plot":[111],"proposed":[114],"composite":[115],"bus":[116],"port":[117],"does":[119],"not":[120],"encircle":[121],"point":[123],"(\u22121,":[124],"j0).":[125],"Moreover,":[126],"effects":[128],"grid":[130],"strength":[131],"control":[133],"parameters":[134],"on":[135],"thoroughly":[139],"examined.":[140],"The":[141],"theoretical":[142],"framework":[143],"validated":[145],"through":[146],"comprehensive":[148],"simulations":[149],"experimental":[151],"results.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-11-06T00:00:00"}