{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408281365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905837","title":"Cyber Attack Impact Characterization for IEC 61850-based Substations","display_name":"Cyber Attack Impact Characterization for IEC 61850-based Substations","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408281365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905837","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2024 - 50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028532908","display_name":"Nazmus Saqib","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazmus Saqib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University,Ames,IA,50011"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University,Ames,IA,50011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102003999","display_name":"Souradeep Bhattacharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-7802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Souradeep Bhattacharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University,Ames,IA,50011"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University,Ames,IA,50011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025082558","display_name":"Burhan Hyder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-5447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burhan Hyder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Richland,WA,99354"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Richland,WA,99354","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011171619","display_name":"Manimaran Govindarasu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2941-5993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manimaran Govindarasu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University,Ames,IA,50011"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University,Ames,IA,50011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7753,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87715769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.944100022315979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iec-61850","display_name":"IEC 61850","score":0.9654395580291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5049048066139221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38191360235214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23968949913978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.08989053964614868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778907243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168160","display_name":"IEC 61850","level":3,"score":0.9654395580291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5049048066139221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38191360235214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23968949913978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.08989053964614868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905837","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2024 - 50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970848479","https://openalex.org/W2109438750","https://openalex.org/W2127548576","https://openalex.org/W2514382028","https://openalex.org/W2566533617","https://openalex.org/W2566937993","https://openalex.org/W2983647526","https://openalex.org/W2991063899","https://openalex.org/W3011179411","https://openalex.org/W3113410850","https://openalex.org/W3118536954","https://openalex.org/W3137756948","https://openalex.org/W4226043716","https://openalex.org/W4312710612","https://openalex.org/W4385834298","https://openalex.org/W6683843627","https://openalex.org/W6790925366","https://openalex.org/W6795469422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2367739416","https://openalex.org/W1984507003","https://openalex.org/W2352028207","https://openalex.org/W1847012216","https://openalex.org/W2383397189","https://openalex.org/W2364323245","https://openalex.org/W2378142920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IEC":[0,34,82],"61850-based":[1],"Substation":[2],"Automation":[3],"Systems":[4],"(SAS)":[5],"are":[6,107,123],"essential":[7],"to":[8,38,55,60],"the":[9,48,52,75,88,92,95,139,165,172,211,216],"modern":[10],"grid":[11,53,93,96],"as":[12,177],"they":[13],"ensure":[14],"secure":[15],"and":[16,19,65,86,114,121,133,195,213],"efficient":[17],"operation":[18],"maintain":[20],"overall":[21],"system":[22,146],"safety.":[23],"However,":[24],"there":[25],"has":[26],"been":[27],"an":[28,178],"increase":[29],"in":[30,117],"cybersecurity":[31,66],"concerns":[32],"about":[33],"61850":[35],"SAS":[36],"due":[37,54],"its":[39],"lack":[40],"of":[41,47,78,128,138,164,215],"security":[42],"features.":[43],"A":[44,135],"deeper":[45],"understanding":[46],"system-wide":[49],"impacts":[50,140],"on":[51,81,91,125,193,203],"cyber":[56,79],"attacks":[57,80,112,192],"is":[58,141,169],"crucial":[59],"develop":[61],"necessary":[62],"risk":[63],"assessments":[64],"countermeasures.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"presents":[70],"a":[71,144,153,199],"systematic":[72],"methodology":[73],"for":[74,185],"impact":[76,90,179],"characterization":[77,180],"61850-enabled":[83],"substation":[84,129],"buses":[85,130,197],"analyzes":[87],"corresponding":[89],"through":[94],"voltage":[97,162,173],"performance.":[98],"To":[99],"identify":[100],"relevant":[101],"attack":[102],"vectors,":[103],"NESCOR":[104],"vulnerability":[105],"classes":[106],"utilized.":[108],"Two":[109],"data":[110,190],"integrity":[111,191],"(single":[113],"pulsating":[115],"trip)":[116],"different":[118],"scenarios":[119],"(isolated":[120],"coordinated)":[122],"executed":[124],"three":[126],"types":[127],"(generation,":[131],"transmission,":[132],"load).":[134],"comprehensive":[136],"assessment":[137],"conducted":[142],"within":[143],"cyber-physical":[145],"(CPS)":[147],"hardware-in-the-loop":[148],"(HIL)":[149],"testbed":[150],"environment":[151],"utilizing":[152],"modified":[154],"Kundur\u2019s":[155],"four-machine,":[156],"two-area":[157],"power":[158],"system.":[159],"The":[160,182,206],"transient":[161],"stability":[163],"sensitive":[166],"bus":[167],"voltages":[168],"examined":[170],"using":[171],"profile":[174],"index":[175],"(VPI)":[176],"metric.":[181],"experimental":[183],"results":[184],"our":[186],"model":[187],"reveal":[188],"that":[189],"generation":[194],"load":[196],"exhibit":[198],"higher":[200],"severity":[201,207],"than":[202],"transmission":[204],"buses.":[205],"also":[208],"varies":[209],"with":[210],"type":[212],"location":[214],"attack.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}