{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408281018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905698","title":"Vision Transformer-based Approach for Solder Mask Fault Detection","display_name":"Vision Transformer-based Approach for Solder Mask Fault Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408281018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905698","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2024 - 50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116569984","display_name":"Walter J. S. Viana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62885914","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas","ror":"https://ror.org/02263ky35","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62885914"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter J. S. Viana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Federal do Amazonas (UFAM),Inst. of Exact Sciences and Tech. (ICET),Itacoatiara,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Federal do Amazonas (UFAM),Inst. of Exact Sciences and Tech. (ICET),Itacoatiara,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62885914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101181254","display_name":"Neandra P. Ferreira","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neandra P. Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Research and Technological Innovation (ICCT),Manaus,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Research and Technological Innovation (ICCT),Manaus,Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114104029","display_name":"Sharlene S. Meireles","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharlene S. Meireles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Research and Technological Innovation (ICCT),Manaus,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Research and Technological Innovation (ICCT),Manaus,Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112851109","display_name":"Mario Otani","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Otani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Research and Technological Innovation (ICCT),Manaus,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Research and Technological Innovation (ICCT),Manaus,Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037041582","display_name":"Paulo Drews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7519-0502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126460647","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande","ror":"https://ror.org/05hpfkn88","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126460647"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo L. J. Drews","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Federal do Rio Grande (FURG),Center for Computational Sciences (C3),Rio Grande,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Federal do Rio Grande (FURG),Center for Computational Sciences (C3),Rio Grande,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126460647"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004181756","display_name":"Felipe G. Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5435-0933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62885914","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas","ror":"https://ror.org/02263ky35","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62885914"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe G. Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Federal do Amazonas (UFAM),Inst. of Exact Sciences and Tech. (ICET),Itacoatiara,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Federal do Amazonas (UFAM),Inst. of Exact Sciences and Tech. (ICET),Itacoatiara,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62885914"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67535695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9459999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9452999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5686497688293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5428183078765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.5421624183654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soldering","display_name":"Soldering","score":0.49636536836624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3808576762676239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28257209062576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.26112425327301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21836140751838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.18169370293617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.10673993825912476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.07675811648368835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5686497688293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5428183078765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.5421624183654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50296614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211387","display_name":"Soldering","level":2,"score":0.49636536836624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3808576762676239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28257209062576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26112425327301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21836140751838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.18169370293617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.10673993825912476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.07675811648368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905698","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2024 - 50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914478989","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3100116934","https://openalex.org/W3173395783","https://openalex.org/W3215032747","https://openalex.org/W4205553873","https://openalex.org/W4285080450","https://openalex.org/W4285614663","https://openalex.org/W4286582003","https://openalex.org/W4310971454","https://openalex.org/W4388737029","https://openalex.org/W4388737110","https://openalex.org/W4393406600","https://openalex.org/W6784333009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2367566533","https://openalex.org/W4405446909","https://openalex.org/W2187937315","https://openalex.org/W1983256527","https://openalex.org/W2297830036","https://openalex.org/W2113862045","https://openalex.org/W2384038313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quality":[0],"control":[1],"is":[2,74],"a":[3],"paramount":[4],"task":[5],"for":[6,149],"the":[7,11,19,30,34,40,52,68,77,89,96,112,117,123,129,158,167],"manufacturing":[8,53],"process":[9,42],"at":[10],"current":[12],"time.":[13],"Nowadays,":[14],"industrial":[15],"companies":[16],"must":[17],"guarantee":[18],"quality":[20,35,50],"of":[21,32,36,43,79,120,145],"their":[22],"products":[23],"to":[24,51,59,87,98,110],"keep":[25],"competitiveness.":[26],"This":[27],"paper":[28],"addresses":[29],"problem":[31],"controlling":[33],"GSM":[37,65],"chips":[38,45],"during":[39,67],"soldering":[41,69],"individual":[44],"in":[46,64,142,157],"PCB":[47],"substrates,":[48],"providing":[49],"stage.":[54,70],"We":[55],"propose":[56],"an":[57,143],"approach":[58,131],"detect":[60],"solder":[61],"mask":[62],"faults":[63],"chips,":[66],"The":[71],"proposed":[72,113,124,130],"methodology":[73],"based":[75],"on":[76],"use":[78,84],"Vision":[80],"Transformers":[81],"(ViT),":[82],"which":[83],"self-attention":[85],"mechanisms":[86],"capture":[88],"spatial":[90],"relationships":[91],"between":[92],"image":[93],"patches,":[94],"allowing":[95],"model":[97],"learn":[99],"hierarchical":[100],"visual":[101],"representations.":[102],"Real":[103],"and":[104,138,147,151,153,164],"simulated":[105],"experiments":[106],"were":[107],"carried":[108],"out":[109],"validate":[111],"approach.":[114,127],"Results":[115],"show":[116],"obtained":[118],"accuracy":[119,134,144],"95.83%,":[121],"using":[122],"ViT-based":[125],"inspection":[126],"Furthermore,":[128],"presents":[132],"high":[133],"even":[135],"regarding":[136],"noisy":[137],"blurry":[139],"images,":[140],"resulting":[141],"94.94%":[146],"94.17%":[148],"Salt":[150],"Pepper":[152],"Gaussian":[154],"noise,":[155],"respectively,":[156],"worst":[159],"scenario.":[160],"Experiments":[161],"demonstrate":[162],"reliability":[163],"robustness,":[165],"optimizing":[166],"manufacturing.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
