{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388726282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312643","title":"GA-PDR: Using Gait Analysis for Heading Estimation in PDR Based Indoor Localization System","display_name":"GA-PDR: Using Gait Analysis for Heading Estimation in PDR Based Indoor Localization System","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388726282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312643","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2023- 49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101657660","display_name":"Renjie Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renjie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China,Ningbo,China","School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China,Ningbo,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035106628","display_name":"Matthew Pike","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1543-0148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Pike","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China,Ningbo,China","School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China,Ningbo,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035801069","display_name":"Xiaoqing Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3974-8943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqing Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China,Ningbo,China","School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China,Ningbo,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053615344","display_name":"Boon Giin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5743-1010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boon Giin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China,Ningbo,China","Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China,Ningbo,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079773768","display_name":"Wan\u2010Young Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0121-855X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8991828","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wan-Young Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pukyong National University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Busan,South Korea","Department of Electronic Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pukyong National University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Busan,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033987695","display_name":"Lionel Nkenyereye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6714-4402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8991828","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel Nkenyereye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pukyong National University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Busan,South Korea","Department of Electronic Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pukyong National University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Busan,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101657660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55395766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heading","display_name":"Heading (navigation)","score":0.8572335839271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.784338116645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.6181548237800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6129671335220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.583629846572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-reckoning","display_name":"Dead reckoning","score":0.5183597207069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.4989440441131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/step-detection","display_name":"Step detection","score":0.4609091877937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.443369060754776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.41700345277786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4103334844112396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.3273162841796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1290416419506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12059932947158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09411996603012085}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776937971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4384217","display_name":"Heading (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.8572335839271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.784338116645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.6181548237800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6129671335220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.583629846572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152255","display_name":"Dead reckoning","level":3,"score":0.5183597207069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.4989440441131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C293773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7608015","display_name":"Step detection","level":3,"score":0.4609091877937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.443369060754776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.41700345277786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4103334844112396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3273162841796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1290416419506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12059932947158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09411996603012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312643","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2023- 49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1612997784","https://openalex.org/W1654716554","https://openalex.org/W1968099658","https://openalex.org/W1970504153","https://openalex.org/W1972909828","https://openalex.org/W2071534230","https://openalex.org/W2086184436","https://openalex.org/W2092221283","https://openalex.org/W2095620283","https://openalex.org/W2108422006","https://openalex.org/W2143765828","https://openalex.org/W2608653446","https://openalex.org/W2747656948","https://openalex.org/W2799934351","https://openalex.org/W2807255923","https://openalex.org/W2808833513","https://openalex.org/W2897108732","https://openalex.org/W2964007882","https://openalex.org/W3047749420","https://openalex.org/W3089751102","https://openalex.org/W3123693764","https://openalex.org/W6789292270"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769521921","https://openalex.org/W1982044840","https://openalex.org/W2918704254","https://openalex.org/W4285223350","https://openalex.org/W3011156758","https://openalex.org/W4294113342","https://openalex.org/W2087485917","https://openalex.org/W2077409896","https://openalex.org/W2800933538","https://openalex.org/W2555436023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"positioning":[1],"in":[2,68,165],"the":[3,41,79,84,93,135,150,162,168],"firefighting":[4],"ground":[5],"shows":[6],"promising":[7],"application":[8],"prospects":[9],"for":[10,27,64,127],"enhancing":[11],"rescue":[12],"safety":[13],"and":[14,18,31,35,98,100],"efficiency.":[15],"Low":[16],"visibility":[17],"signal":[19],"interference":[20],"caused":[21],"by":[22,52,82],"smoke":[23],"pose":[24],"significant":[25],"difficulties":[26],"visual":[28],"Simultaneous":[29],"Localization":[30],"Mapping":[32],"(SLAM)":[33],"systems":[34],"radio":[36],"frequency-based":[37],"localization":[38,73],"methods,":[39],"while":[40],"performance":[42,133],"of":[43,86,95,152,167],"existing":[44],"pedestrian":[45],"dead":[46],"reckoning":[47],"(PDR)":[48],"methods":[49],"is":[50,139],"affected":[51],"unpredictable":[53],"user":[54],"gaits.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"introduces":[58,111],"a":[59,112,123,142,147,155],"gait":[60],"analysis-based":[61],"PDR":[62,69,164],"(GA-PDR)":[63],"deriving":[65],"heading":[66,125],"estimation":[67],"to":[70,117],"improve":[71],"its":[72],"performance.":[74],"The":[75,130],"proposed":[76,136],"method":[77,116],"determines":[78],"step":[80],"pattern":[81],"analyzing":[83],"features":[85],"inertial":[87],"measurement":[88],"unit":[89],"data,":[90],"thereby":[91],"enabling":[92],"classification":[94],"forward,":[96],"left-":[97],"right-turn":[99],"around-turn":[101],"from":[102],"left":[103],"or":[104],"right-side":[105],"movements.":[106,129],"In":[107],"addition,":[108],"this":[109],"study":[110],"redundant":[113],"turn":[114,128],"elimination":[115],"differentiate":[118],"false":[119],"positive":[120],"patterns":[121],"via":[122],"time-domain":[124],"analysis":[126],"location":[131],"tracking":[132],"with":[134,161],"GA-PDR":[137],"approach":[138],"validated":[140],"using":[141],"self-created":[143],"dataset":[144],"established":[145],"under":[146],"smoke-filled":[148],"experiment,":[149],"results":[151],"which":[153],"indicate":[154],"lower":[156],"loop":[157],"closure":[158],"error":[159],"compared":[160],"traditional":[163],"all":[166],"tested":[169],"scenarios.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
