{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388736839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312407","title":"Fatigue Detection Based on Multiple Visual Features in Virtual Driving System","display_name":"Fatigue Detection Based on Multiple Visual Features in Virtual Driving System","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388736839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312407","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2023- 49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115695506","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-6980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020153181","display_name":"Hanlin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9292-1645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanlin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007569721","display_name":"Qiyi Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-1147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiyi Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou,China","College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102794220","display_name":"Wei Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0270-2630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051095457","display_name":"Xinming Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018706878","display_name":"Zhiyong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5546-6666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035810717","display_name":"Ruihan Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruihan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085867312","display_name":"Honghai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2880-4698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honghai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen),Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.907800018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6498705148696899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5048900246620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4484972655773163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.43669429421424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard","display_name":"Hazard","score":0.42729637026786804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3251023292541504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6498705148696899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5048900246620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4484972655773163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.43669429421424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.42729637026786804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3251023292541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312407","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2023- 49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1614123416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC3601700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4725280531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20210324120214040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5457217341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61733011,52275013,62261160652","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987422834","https://openalex.org/W2004391995","https://openalex.org/W2025138672","https://openalex.org/W2036147779","https://openalex.org/W2046996079","https://openalex.org/W2071878275","https://openalex.org/W2094726855","https://openalex.org/W2100887344","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2173400901","https://openalex.org/W2461071842","https://openalex.org/W2509901229","https://openalex.org/W2590210438","https://openalex.org/W2894818097","https://openalex.org/W2967362498","https://openalex.org/W3010526057","https://openalex.org/W3102219349","https://openalex.org/W4241615709","https://openalex.org/W4295719664","https://openalex.org/W4308233968","https://openalex.org/W6631908005","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6745935785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fatigue":[0],"driving":[1,36,75,86,107,162],"poses":[2],"a":[3,41,68,73,84],"significant":[4],"hazard,":[5],"leading":[6],"to":[7,32,78],"numerous":[8],"traffic":[9],"accidents":[10],"annually.":[11],"However,":[12],"the":[13,23,90,102,105,122,129,138,150,156,160],"fatigue":[14,35,42,79,111,134,143,165],"detection":[15,43,130,139],"algorithm":[16],"based":[17],"on":[18],"visual":[19,48],"features":[20],"still":[21],"has":[22],"problem":[24],"of":[25,92,104,132,141,152,159],"low":[26],"accuracy,":[27],"and":[28,62,88,100,137,155],"it":[29],"is":[30],"difficult":[31],"test":[33],"extreme":[34],"conditions.":[37,95],"This":[38,81],"study":[39],"proposes":[40],"method":[44,99],"that":[45],"exploits":[46],"multiple":[47],"features,":[49],"including":[50],"facial":[51],"landmarks,":[52],"mouth":[53],"aspect":[54,58],"ratio":[55,59],"(MAR),":[56],"eye":[57],"(EAR),":[60],"PERCLOS":[61],"head":[63],"pose.":[64],"Furthermore,":[65],"we":[66,113],"introduce":[67],"novel":[69],"approach":[70,154],"by":[71],"developing":[72],"virtual":[74,106,161],"system":[76,82,108,163],"dedicated":[77],"detection.":[80,166],"offers":[83],"rich":[85],"environment":[87],"enables":[89],"exploration":[91],"fatigue-related":[93],"boundary":[94],"To":[96],"validate":[97],"our":[98,126,153],"assess":[101],"potential":[103],"in":[109,164],"detecting":[110],"driving,":[112],"conduct":[114],"an":[115],"experiment":[116],"involving":[117],"five":[118],"healthy":[119],"adults":[120],"using":[121],"aforementioned":[123],"system.":[124],"In":[125],"final":[127],"results,":[128],"accuracy":[131,140],"mild":[133],"reached":[135,144],"0.94,":[136],"severe":[142],"0.97.":[145],"The":[146],"results":[147],"confirm":[148],"both":[149],"feasibility":[151],"promising":[157],"prospects":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}