{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388726870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10311903","title":"An Energy-Efficient, Resource-Efficient and High Frame-Rate End-to-End Pedestrian Detector Using HOG-SVM for Intelligent Edge Devices","display_name":"An Energy-Efficient, Resource-Efficient and High Frame-Rate End-to-End Pedestrian Detector Using HOG-SVM for Intelligent Edge Devices","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388726870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10311903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10311903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10311903","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2023- 49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101400626","display_name":"Jipeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-0238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jipeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101190686","display_name":"Jianhui Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhui Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017344694","display_name":"Bingqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5734-1135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071524817","display_name":"Zixuan Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1740-3215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixuan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100417333","display_name":"Yu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-8501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069123107","display_name":"Fengwei An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7554-7938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengwei An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602540","display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6710-227X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060868884","display_name":"Jiang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-6989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2246,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52911439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7475232481956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.6762378811836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5950320959091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5179044604301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5076209306716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5071525573730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.4970443546772003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.4822891056537628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.4812450110912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.44887733459472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4281320571899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.42503368854522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.39024776220321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.362209677696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3391783833503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1255083680152893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7475232481956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.6762378811836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5950320959091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5179044604301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5076209306716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5071525573730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.4970443546772003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4822891056537628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.4812450110912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.44887733459472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4281320571899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.42503368854522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39024776220321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.362209677696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3391783833503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1255083680152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10311903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10311903","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2023- 49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2555695683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1310001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1650122911","https://openalex.org/W2009295221","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2257868038","https://openalex.org/W2428342532","https://openalex.org/W2901660227","https://openalex.org/W2972429016","https://openalex.org/W3095106973","https://openalex.org/W3096415110","https://openalex.org/W3110036658","https://openalex.org/W3133692662","https://openalex.org/W3190727659","https://openalex.org/W3197597684","https://openalex.org/W3217379611","https://openalex.org/W4210505216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W2165367082","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W4294432981","https://openalex.org/W1485756991","https://openalex.org/W2376218453","https://openalex.org/W2984236338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,21,50,66,94,123,144,156,186,202],"Histogram":[4],"of":[5,99,126,137,148,160,190,205],"Oriented":[6],"Gradients-Support":[7],"Vector":[8],"Machine":[9],"(HOG-SVM)":[10],"based":[11],"pedestrian":[12],"detector":[13],"with":[14,122,163],"an":[15],"end-to-end":[16],"fully-pipelined":[17],"architecture":[18],"to":[19,56,71,106,150,174],"achieve":[20],"high":[22,47,145,157,187],"frame":[23,48,146],"rate":[24,147],"by":[25,34,117],"improving":[26],"the":[27,31,36,42,46,58,74,84,89,100,109,114,119,130,175],"throughput,":[28],"and":[29,65,96,112,155,196,209],"reduce":[30,73],"power":[32],"consumption":[33],"minimizing":[35],"data":[37,62],"movement.":[38],"To":[39],"further":[40,107],"improve":[41,108],"energy":[43,110,158,188],"efficiency":[44,111,159,189],"under":[45],"rate,":[49],"bit-width":[51],"pruning":[52],"method":[53,98],"is":[54,69,104],"used":[55],"remove":[57],"gray-scale":[59],"converter's":[60],"redundant":[61],"bit":[63],"width,":[64],"block-score":[67],"normalization":[68],"employed":[70],"significantly":[72],"normalizer's":[75],"required":[76],"divisions.":[77],"The":[78,133,178],"reduced":[79],"computation":[80],"amount":[81],"also":[82,184],"saves":[83],"hardware":[85,124,203],"overhead":[86,204],"while":[87,128],"maintaining":[88,129],"same":[90,131],"calculation":[91],"accuracy.":[92],"Besides,":[93],"modeling":[95],"analysis":[97],"SVM-classifier-Multiply-ACcumulate":[101],"(MAC)":[102],"array":[103,120],"proposed":[105],"save":[113],"logic":[115],"resources,":[116],"optimizing":[118],"size":[121],"utilization":[125],"98.4%":[127],"throughput.":[132],"FPGA":[134],"implementation":[135,180],"results":[136],"<tex":[138],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[139],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$640\\times":[140],"480$</tex>":[141],"video":[142],"show":[143],"up":[149],"439":[151],"fps":[152,195],"@143":[153],"MHz":[154,198],"0.76":[161],"nJ/pixel":[162],"46.7%":[164],"fewer":[165,168,171],"LUTs,":[166],"22.4%":[167],"registers,":[169],"88.3%":[170],"DSPs,":[172],"compared":[173],"state-of-the-art":[176],"design.":[177],"ASIC":[179],"in":[181],"55":[182],"nm":[183],"confirms":[185],"0.35":[191],"nJ/pixels":[192],"at":[193],"613":[194],"200":[197],"as":[199,201],"well":[200],"177":[206],"k":[207],"gates":[208],"108":[210],"Kbits":[211],"SRAM.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}