{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212111783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589764","title":"Effective Voltage Control of Liquid Crystal Lens for Rapid Focal Length Change","display_name":"Effective Voltage Control of Liquid Crystal Lens for Rapid Focal Length Change","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212111783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589764","mag":"3212111783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589764","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2021 \u2013 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008886632","display_name":"Tsugumi Fukui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171481255","display_name":"Shibaura Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020wjcq07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsugumi Fukui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112678712","display_name":"Sota Shimizu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171481255","display_name":"Shibaura Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020wjcq07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sota Shimizu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059056111","display_name":"Keigo Muryobayashi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171481255","display_name":"Shibaura Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020wjcq07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keigo Muryobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068912051","display_name":"Marenori Kawamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9123-2752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203765153","display_name":"Akita University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hv1ad10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203765153"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marenori Kawamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203765153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030698488","display_name":"Susumu Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-9656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203765153","display_name":"Akita University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hv1ad10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203765153"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susumu Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203765153"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111408646","display_name":"N. Hasebe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobuyuki Hasebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARISE, Waseda University, Toyko, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARISE, Waseda University, Toyko, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10306","display_name":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focal-length","display_name":"Focal length","score":0.8629597425460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.7973077297210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-crystal","display_name":"Liquid crystal","score":0.7364026308059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.6880753636360168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6082143783569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-time","display_name":"Response time","score":0.4997975826263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4557300806045532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.326274573802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31288397312164307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82552819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193540","display_name":"Focal length","level":3,"score":0.8629597425460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.7973077297210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13274807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203989","display_name":"Liquid crystal","level":2,"score":0.7364026308059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.6880753636360168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6082143783569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.4997975826263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4557300806045532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.326274573802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31288397312164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589764","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2021 \u2013 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3324826251","display_name":"Development of Compact Liquid Crystal Wide Angle Fovea Sensor with Rapid and Large Magnification Change at Attention Region","funder_award_id":"18K04055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3374738166","display_name":"Study on Drive Control Method for Rapid Attention Point Movement of Liquid Crystal Wide Angle Fovea Sensor","funder_award_id":"21K03983","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965315806","https://openalex.org/W1970944898","https://openalex.org/W1993550369","https://openalex.org/W2022837020","https://openalex.org/W2032466444","https://openalex.org/W2039956803","https://openalex.org/W2056434691","https://openalex.org/W2075140093","https://openalex.org/W2087215492","https://openalex.org/W2121647864","https://openalex.org/W2274843326","https://openalex.org/W2897153183","https://openalex.org/W2996217540"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362982972","https://openalex.org/W4310508253","https://openalex.org/W2899776212","https://openalex.org/W2149109886","https://openalex.org/W3009804950","https://openalex.org/W2468858520","https://openalex.org/W2391906101","https://openalex.org/W1986315617","https://openalex.org/W2077215251","https://openalex.org/W2382178103"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"liquid":[1],"crystal":[2],"(LC)":[3],"lens":[4,8,25,55,105,123],"can":[5,82],"make":[6],"any":[7],"state":[9,127],"from":[10,124],"positive":[11],"(convex)":[12],"to":[13,33,63,71,115,128,151],"negative":[14],"(concave)":[15],"by":[16,58,88],"applying":[17],"an":[18,77],"external":[19,68],"voltage.":[20],"However,":[21],"when":[22,154],"the":[23,44,49,53,67,72,84,103,117,121,142],"LC":[24,54,73,104,122],"changes":[26],"its":[27,35],"focal":[28,85,118],"length,":[29],"it":[30],"is":[31,38],"difficult":[32],"say":[34],"response":[36,50,143],"time":[37,51,144],"fast":[39],"enough.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"paper,":[43],"authors":[45],"aim":[46],"at":[47],"making":[48],"of":[52,66,99,120],"be":[56],"shorter":[57],"using":[59],"a":[60,64,89,108,125,152,155],"control":[61,79,138],"theory":[62],"value":[65],"voltage":[69,137,158],"applied":[70],"lens.":[74],"We":[75,112],"constructed":[76],"automatic":[78],"system":[80],"which":[81],"change":[83,116],"length":[86,119],"faster":[87],"computer":[90,93],"program.":[91],"The":[92],"program":[94],"gives":[95],"appropriate":[96],"effective":[97,136],"values":[98],"AC":[100],"voltages":[101],"with":[102],"based":[106],"on":[107],"feed":[109],"forward":[110],"control.":[111],"conducted":[113],"experiments":[114],"non-lens":[126],"200mm":[129],"and":[130],"-100mm,":[131],"respectively.":[132],"When":[133],"our":[134],"proposed":[135],"method":[139],"was":[140,145,159],"performed,":[141],"successfully":[146],"reduced":[147],"in":[148],"half,":[149],"compared":[150],"case":[153],"simple":[156],"step-like":[157],"applied.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}