{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212427676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589573","title":"A Novel Non-Isolated Multi-Port DC-DC Converter for Hybrid Streetcar Application","display_name":"A Novel Non-Isolated Multi-Port DC-DC Converter for Hybrid Streetcar Application","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212427676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589573","mag":"3212427676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589573","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2021 \u2013 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007394351","display_name":"Pouya Zolfi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102461120","display_name":"Marquette University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4te78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pouya Zolfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070078548","display_name":"Sina Vahid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-6772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102461120","display_name":"Marquette University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4te78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sina Vahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003744734","display_name":"Ayman El\u2010Refaie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-8703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102461120","display_name":"Marquette University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4te78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman EL-Refaie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007394351"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6415,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6877844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.8542248010635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/port","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","score":0.7526586651802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-converter","display_name":"Forward converter","score":0.4857240319252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.471457302570343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4696456789970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4636899530887604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boost-converter","display_name":"Boost converter","score":0.46141988039016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cells","display_name":"Fuel cells","score":0.45926985144615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/\u0107uk-converter","display_name":"\u0106uk converter","score":0.45411208271980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buck-converter","display_name":"Buck converter","score":0.43637925386428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4327836036682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flyback-converter","display_name":"Flyback converter","score":0.4242955148220062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3728035092353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3004039525985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11239033937454224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.8542248010635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.7526586651802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55118286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634739","display_name":"Forward converter","level":4,"score":0.4857240319252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.471457302570343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4696456789970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4636899530887604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760134","display_name":"Boost converter","level":3,"score":0.46141988039016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.45926985144615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100329506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336439","display_name":"\u0106uk converter","level":4,"score":0.45411208271980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150818752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83804","display_name":"Buck converter","level":3,"score":0.43637925386428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4327836036682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103303742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293595","display_name":"Flyback converter","level":4,"score":0.4242955148220062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3728035092353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3004039525985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11239033937454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589573","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2021 \u2013 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543489919","https://openalex.org/W2482891568","https://openalex.org/W2490292541","https://openalex.org/W2766470908","https://openalex.org/W2774327138","https://openalex.org/W2805627521","https://openalex.org/W2972231944","https://openalex.org/W3010648334","https://openalex.org/W3013344538","https://openalex.org/W3016788495","https://openalex.org/W3017293316","https://openalex.org/W3034085930","https://openalex.org/W3034361896","https://openalex.org/W3034812671","https://openalex.org/W3095623421","https://openalex.org/W3095846924","https://openalex.org/W3113110972","https://openalex.org/W3115779032","https://openalex.org/W3120018191","https://openalex.org/W3127612696","https://openalex.org/W3135507606","https://openalex.org/W3135637760","https://openalex.org/W3171289721","https://openalex.org/W3174657764","https://openalex.org/W6632631517","https://openalex.org/W6787003858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3033891","https://openalex.org/W8342291","https://openalex.org/W5381168","https://openalex.org/W1853394","https://openalex.org/W802240","https://openalex.org/W3535561","https://openalex.org/W8112623","https://openalex.org/W9113118","https://openalex.org/W9822025","https://openalex.org/W3063867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"there":[3],"has":[4,60,85],"been":[5,61,86],"an":[6,81],"increasing":[7],"interest":[8],"in":[9,46],"DC-DC":[10,44],"multi-port":[11,43,72,91,111],"power":[12,31],"converters":[13,18,45],"for":[14,41,64,74,88,122,133],"transportation":[15,47,65],"applications.":[16,66],"Multi-port":[17],"benefit":[19],"from":[20],"fewer":[21],"components":[22],"compared":[23],"to":[24,93,104],"multiple-converter":[25],"architectures.":[26],"As":[27],"a":[28,70],"result,":[29],"higher":[30],"density":[32],"and":[33,113,127,131,135],"lower":[34],"prices":[35],"are":[36,102,125,138],"among":[37,53],"the":[38,54,89,95,106,109,114],"main":[39],"incentives":[40],"utilizing":[42],"sector.":[48],"Moreover,":[49],"fuel":[50,75],"cell":[51],"is":[52],"permissible":[55],"green":[56],"energy":[57,82,116],"resources":[58],"that":[59],"broadly":[62],"considered":[63],"This":[67],"paper":[68],"proposes":[69],"novel":[71],"converter":[73,92,112,124],"cell-based":[76],"hybrid":[77],"streetcar":[78],"application.":[79],"Furthermore,":[80],"management":[83,117],"scheme":[84],"proposed":[87,110],"presented":[90,115],"achieve":[94],"suitable":[96],"modes":[97,137],"of":[98,108,129],"operation.":[99],"Simulation":[100],"results":[101],"provided":[103,126],"demonstrate":[105],"effectiveness":[107],"scheme.":[118],"Power":[119],"loss":[120],"analysis":[121],"this":[123],"efficiencies":[128],"92.7%":[130],"95.1%":[132],"two-":[134],"single-stage":[136],"recorded,":[139],"respectively.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}