{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3213972099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589509","title":"Substrate Solder Crack Evaluation and Modelling of Power Module under Passive Cycling","display_name":"Substrate Solder Crack Evaluation and Modelling of Power Module under Passive Cycling","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3213972099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589509","mag":"3213972099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589509","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2021 \u2013 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000868841","display_name":"Zhongxu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-2624"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongxu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dynex Semiconductor, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dynex Semiconductor, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100758518","display_name":"Yangang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1325-9252"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dynex Semiconductor, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dynex Semiconductor, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014876502","display_name":"L. Coulbeck","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee Coulbeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dynex Semiconductor, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dynex Semiconductor, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389927","display_name":"Xiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4675-5367"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dynex Semiconductor, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dynex Semiconductor, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103023018","display_name":"Wei Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5925-7682"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dynex Semiconductor, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dynex Semiconductor, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1017,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45670551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10460","display_name":"Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10460","display_name":"Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11444","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-cycling","display_name":"Temperature cycling","score":0.8748108148574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soldering","display_name":"Soldering","score":0.8372809886932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.779215395450592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-cycling","display_name":"Power cycling","score":0.7690780162811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5569265484809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-resistance","display_name":"Thermal resistance","score":0.5148524641990662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","score":0.4938676953315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetration","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","score":0.46114593744277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4557364583015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-module","display_name":"Power module","score":0.4339528977870941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.41290947794914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.4119732677936554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.3693881630897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.26675570011138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09957817196846008}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177564732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698333","display_name":"Temperature cycling","level":3,"score":0.8748108148574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50296614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211387","display_name":"Soldering","level":2,"score":0.8372809886932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.779215395450592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777900271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105337","display_name":"Power cycling","level":4,"score":0.7690780162811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5569265484809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137693562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628","display_name":"Thermal resistance","level":3,"score":0.5148524641990662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.4938676953315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.46114593744277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4557364583015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141812795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236534","display_name":"Power module","level":3,"score":0.4339528977870941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.41290947794914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4119732677936554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.3693881630897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26675570011138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09957817196846008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589509","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2021 \u2013 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029113169","https://openalex.org/W2065261301","https://openalex.org/W2093993867","https://openalex.org/W2155549782","https://openalex.org/W2199641205","https://openalex.org/W2490495112","https://openalex.org/W2519935534","https://openalex.org/W2537913936","https://openalex.org/W2560628685","https://openalex.org/W2866022476","https://openalex.org/W2954836371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141907015","https://openalex.org/W3191141382","https://openalex.org/W2105660900","https://openalex.org/W2080643270","https://openalex.org/W2106471457","https://openalex.org/W4299816823","https://openalex.org/W4399969880","https://openalex.org/W2054726112","https://openalex.org/W4383748854","https://openalex.org/W1578435282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accelerated":[0],"passive":[1,52,154],"cycling":[2,53],"test":[3,54,111],"is":[4,28],"a":[5,125],"typical":[6],"and":[7,31,39,78,90,117,147],"effective":[8],"way":[9],"to":[10,21,41],"evaluate":[11],"the":[12,29,36,42,48,71,74,82,104,107,113,138],"substrate":[13,94],"solder":[14,37,75,141],"layer":[15,38],"degradation":[16],"of":[17,33,47,56,73,85,106,137],"power":[18,86,108],"modules":[19,58],"due":[20],"thermal":[22,44,83],"stresses.":[23],"The":[24],"main":[25],"failure":[26],"mechanism":[27],"initiation":[30],"penetration":[32],"cracks":[34],"inside":[35],"contributes":[40],"overall":[43],"resistance":[45,84],"rise":[46],"module.":[49],"Based":[50],"on":[51,81,88,135],"results":[55,99],"eight":[57],"with":[59],"48":[60],"substrates":[61],"in":[62,103,124],"total":[63],"under":[64,110,153],"two":[65],"testing":[66],"conditions,":[67],"this":[68],"paper":[69],"models":[70],"behaviour":[72],"crack":[76,120,129],"growth":[77,122],"its":[79],"impact":[80],"module":[87,109],"device-level":[89],"module-level.":[91],"By":[92],"dividing":[93],"solders":[95,102],"into":[96],"several":[97],"groups,":[98],"show":[100],"that":[101,133],"middle":[105],"withstand":[112],"severest":[114],"thermo-mechanical":[115],"stress":[116],"have":[118,143],"higher":[119],"length":[121],"rate":[123],"Logarithmic":[126],"law":[127],"based":[128],"model.":[130],"It":[131],"indicates":[132],"diodes":[134],"top":[136],"highly":[139],"stressed":[140],"areas":[142],"much":[144],"lower":[145],"lifetime":[146],"suffer":[148],"from":[149],"high":[150],"reliability":[151],"concern":[152],"cycles.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
