{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211970873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589323","title":"Model Predictive Control of HVAC System in a Battery Electric Vehicle with Fan Power Adaptation for Improved Efficiency and Online Estimation of Ambient Temperature","display_name":"Model Predictive Control of HVAC System in a Battery Electric Vehicle with Fan Power Adaptation for Improved Efficiency and Online Estimation of Ambient Temperature","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211970873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589323","mag":"3211970873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589323","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2021 \u2013 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032224252","display_name":"Maryam Alizadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-8716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Alizadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054508930","display_name":"Sumedh Dhale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7422-0098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumedh Dhale","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079326512","display_name":"Ali Emadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-1455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Emadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71179293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.9412767291069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.6264393329620361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.6168708801269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.5003871917724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45869630575180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-table","display_name":"Lookup table","score":0.44647467136383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.4462265074253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.4459786117076874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4354853332042694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.38749635219573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.36756399273872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29039883613586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.2603071928024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2152075171470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.15094608068466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.11712703108787537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.9412767291069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.6264393329620361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.6168708801269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.5003871917724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45869630575180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.44647467136383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.4462265074253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.4459786117076874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4354853332042694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38749635219573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.36756399273872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29039883613586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.2603071928024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2152075171470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.15094608068466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11712703108787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589323","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2021 \u2013 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976956127","https://openalex.org/W1981585039","https://openalex.org/W1992128627","https://openalex.org/W2001960389","https://openalex.org/W2040712302","https://openalex.org/W2141268814","https://openalex.org/W2618149076","https://openalex.org/W2910635287","https://openalex.org/W2946983901","https://openalex.org/W2967426021","https://openalex.org/W2993882527","https://openalex.org/W2994169274","https://openalex.org/W3006552074","https://openalex.org/W3019948041","https://openalex.org/W3089207091","https://openalex.org/W3125555796","https://openalex.org/W3135718943","https://openalex.org/W3166710142","https://openalex.org/W4231971544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112866972","https://openalex.org/W4240233711","https://openalex.org/W2900606913","https://openalex.org/W4320003279","https://openalex.org/W2326910963","https://openalex.org/W3111008797","https://openalex.org/W3046823714","https://openalex.org/W2348218441","https://openalex.org/W3021806226","https://openalex.org/W2765123059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"an":[3,63,132],"improved":[4],"real-time":[5,88,145],"Model":[6],"Predictive":[7],"Climate":[8],"Control":[9],"(MPCC)":[10],"technique":[11],"to":[12,164,169,178],"reduce":[13],"power":[14,40,115,122],"consumption":[15,156],"in":[16,138,172,218],"Heating,":[17],"Ventilation":[18],"and":[19,38,76,83,119,136,195],"Air":[20],"Conditioning":[21],"(HVAC)":[22],"system":[23,90,162,188],"of":[24,47,54,92,112,128,141,158,191,204,215],"the":[25,31,35,45,48,52,71,79,106,109,113,117,120,139,151,159,170,173,179,184,202,205],"Battery":[26],"Electric":[27],"Vehicles":[28],"(BEVs).":[29],"In":[30,67,105,199],"presented":[32],"control":[33,89,187],"technique,":[34],"fan,":[36],"heating":[37],"cooling":[39],"usage":[41],"is":[42,60,74,102,123,148,208],"optimized":[43],"considering":[44],"effect":[46],"ambient":[49,64,129,174,192],"temperature.":[50,175],"Moreover,":[51],"need":[53],"a":[55,68,87,126,142,211,216],"physical":[56],"temperature":[57,65,96,130,181,193],"measurement":[58],"sensor":[59,194],"eliminated":[61],"using":[62],"observer.":[66],"typical":[69],"BEV,":[70],"HVAC":[72,100,161,186,213],"load":[73],"significant":[75],"it":[77],"influences":[78],"overall":[80],"vehicle":[81],"performance":[82,203],"driving":[84],"range.":[85],"Therefore,":[86],"capable":[91],"maintaining":[93],"desired":[94],"cabin":[95],"while":[97],"achieving":[98],"maximum":[99],"efficiency":[101,157],"highly":[103],"desirable.":[104],"proposed":[107,152,185,206],"MPCC,":[108],"optimum":[110],"split":[111],"battery":[114],"between":[116],"heating\\cooling":[118],"fan":[121],"identified":[124],"as":[125],"function":[127],"through":[131],"offline":[133],"optimization":[134],"process":[135],"used":[137],"form":[140],"lookup-table":[143],"for":[144],"implementation.":[146],"It":[147],"demonstrated":[149],"that":[150],"MPCC":[153,207],"improves":[154],"energy":[155],"entire":[160],"up":[163],"5%":[165],"by":[166],"dynamically":[167],"adapting":[168],"variations":[171],"Furthermore,":[176],"owing":[177],"online":[180],"observation":[182],"process,":[183],"allows":[189],"elimination":[190],"corresponding":[196],"maintenance":[197],"efforts.":[198],"this":[200],"paper,":[201],"evaluated":[209],"over":[210],"single-zone":[212],"model":[214],"BEV":[217],"MATLAB\\Simulink":[219],"<sup":[220],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[221],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u00ae</sup>":[222],"environment.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}