{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214443210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589038","title":"Empirical Analysis of LoRaWAN-based Adaptive Data Rate Algorithms","display_name":"Empirical Analysis of LoRaWAN-based Adaptive Data Rate Algorithms","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214443210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589038","mag":"3214443210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589038","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2021 \u2013 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056007211","display_name":"Charles Lehong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lehong Charles","raw_affiliation_strings":["North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041204057","display_name":"Bassey Isong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-4627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassey Isong","raw_affiliation_strings":["North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038995234","display_name":"Francis Lugayizi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5666-4805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis Lugayizi","raw_affiliation_strings":["North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045534879","display_name":"Adnan M. Abu\u2010Mahfouz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-3924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87053493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.8523668050765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8285388946533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7075607776641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-area-network","display_name":"Wide area network","score":0.6278072595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.62349534034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32852989435195923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.8523668050765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8285388946533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7075607776641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776238582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11384","display_name":"Wide area network","level":2,"score":0.6278072595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.62349534034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32852989435195923}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589038","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2021 \u2013 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2525332113","https://openalex.org/W2616905512","https://openalex.org/W2754549675","https://openalex.org/W2771027669","https://openalex.org/W2804412990","https://openalex.org/W2889452608","https://openalex.org/W2963049675","https://openalex.org/W3107540327","https://openalex.org/W3127404549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2993037392","https://openalex.org/W3172118396","https://openalex.org/W2886717440","https://openalex.org/W2902299988","https://openalex.org/W3126100851","https://openalex.org/W3003171010","https://openalex.org/W4367852235","https://openalex.org/W3211031925","https://openalex.org/W2761151461","https://openalex.org/W2979151211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Long":[0],"Range":[1],"Wide":[2,26],"Area":[3,27],"Networking":[4],"(LoRaWAN)":[5],"has":[6],"established":[7],"itself":[8,33],"as":[9,83,155,173],"one":[10],"of":[11,23,66,106],"the":[12,21,31,37,41,64,67,87,92,102,125,141,156,165,169,197],"leading":[13],"Media":[14],"Access":[15],"Control":[16],"(MAC)":[17],"layer":[18],"protocols":[19],"in":[20,72,104,129],"realm":[22],"Low":[24],"Power":[25],"Networks":[28],"(LPWAN).":[29],"Although":[30],"technology":[32],"is":[34,49,205],"quite":[35,51],"mature,":[36],"resource":[38],"allocation":[39],"mechanism,":[40],"Adaptive":[42],"Data":[43],"Rate":[44],"(ADR)":[45],"algorithm":[46,69],"it":[47],"uses":[48],"still":[50,57,206],"new,":[52],"unspecified":[53],"and":[54,78,111,116,124,186,211],"its":[55,202],"functionalities":[56],"limited.":[58],"Various":[59],"studies":[60,77],"have":[61,80,192],"shown":[62],"that":[63,98,134,164],"performance":[65],"ADR":[68,103,170,198],"gradually":[70],"suffers":[71],"dense":[73],"networks.":[74],"As":[75],"such,":[76],"proposals":[79],"been":[81,193],"made":[82,194],"attempts":[84,191],"to":[85,114,140,195],"improve":[86,196],"algorithm.":[88,171],"In":[89],"this":[90],"paper,":[91],"authors":[93],"chose":[94],"four":[95],"proposed":[96],"algorithms":[97,126,167],"focused":[99],"on":[100,150],"improving":[101],"terms":[105],"data":[107,139],"extraction":[108],"rate":[109],"(DER)":[110],"evaluated":[112],"them":[113],"study":[115],"critically":[117],"analyze":[118],"their":[119],"performances.":[120],"LoRaSim":[121],"was":[122],"used":[123],"were":[127,147],"employed":[128],"a":[130,184],"simple":[131],"sensing":[132],"application":[133],"involved":[135],"end":[136],"devices":[137],"transmitting":[138],"gateway":[142],"every":[143],"hour.":[144],"The":[145,160],"performances":[146,179],"measured":[148],"based":[149],"how":[151],"they":[152],"affected":[153],"DER":[154],"network":[157,174],"size":[158,175],"increases.":[159],"results":[161],"obtained":[162],"show":[163],"implemented":[166],"outperformed":[168],"However,":[172],"increases,":[176],"these":[177],"superior":[178],"are":[180],"not":[181],"adequate":[182],"for":[183],"reliable":[185],"energy-efficient":[187],"LoRaWAN":[188],"network.":[189],"Though":[190],"algorithm,":[199],"arriving":[200],"at":[201],"ideal":[203],"implementation":[204],"an":[207],"open":[208],"research":[209],"area":[210],"therefore,":[212],"we":[213],"recommend":[214],"more":[215],"improvement":[216],"should":[217],"be":[218],"proposed.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
