{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3100051862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon43393.2020.9254374","title":"Design and Power Consumption Analysis of a NB-IoT End Device for Monitoring Applications","display_name":"Design and Power Consumption Analysis of a NB-IoT End Device for Monitoring Applications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3100051862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon43393.2020.9254374","mag":"3100051862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon43393.2020.9254374","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon43393.2020.9254374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608618","display_name":"IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1822/71122","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074533374","display_name":"Sofia Paiva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0651-6756"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Paiva","raw_affiliation_strings":["DTx - Digital Transformation Colab, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DTx - Digital Transformation Colab, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014471246","display_name":"S\u00e9rgio Branco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-1088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Branco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algoritmi Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algoritmi Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039248965","display_name":"Jorge Cabral","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-9746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Cabral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algoritmi Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algoritmi Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9215377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2175","last_page":"2182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.7923657298088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6305091381072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.546189546585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.46511486172676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis","display_name":"Power analysis","score":0.460125207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.44994041323661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44780856370925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.43157997727394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.41090378165245056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.33800220489501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2741380035877228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.24066880345344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.14463719725608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14067623019218445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.7923657298088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6305091381072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.546189546585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.46511486172676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71743495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210","display_name":"Power analysis","level":3,"score":0.460125207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.44994041323661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44780856370925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.43157997727394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.41090378165245056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33800220489501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2741380035877228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.24066880345344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.14463719725608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14067623019218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon43393.2020.9254374","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon43393.2020.9254374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608618","display_name":"IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/71122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1822/71122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorium.uminho.pt:1822/71122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1822/71122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/71122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1822/71122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2792881224","https://openalex.org/W2906897936","https://openalex.org/W2908850096","https://openalex.org/W2923786060","https://openalex.org/W2942631152","https://openalex.org/W2969526675","https://openalex.org/W2969888450","https://openalex.org/W2979936154","https://openalex.org/W2998651118","https://openalex.org/W3003484616","https://openalex.org/W6757455290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2582981600","https://openalex.org/W4389238932","https://openalex.org/W4387467152","https://openalex.org/W4212885212","https://openalex.org/W4379115910","https://openalex.org/W3010413952","https://openalex.org/W4253989935","https://openalex.org/W2810560948","https://openalex.org/W2070793896","https://openalex.org/W4206124993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,12,42,48,87,151,163,167],"number":[2,24],"of":[3,14,25,32,91,99,166,177],"connected":[4],"\"things\"":[5],"increases":[6],"at":[7],"a":[8,22,29,122,139],"very":[9],"fast":[10],"pace,":[11],"Internet":[13,98],"Things":[15,100],"(IoT)":[16],"ecosystem":[17],"expands":[18],"and":[19,70,73,79,89,115,129,147],"nowadays":[20],"covers":[21],"vast":[23],"application":[26],"domains,":[27],"providing":[28],"large":[30],"portfolio":[31],"solutions":[33],"that":[34,161],"are":[35,133,155],"based":[36],"on":[37,86],"an":[38,127],"evolving":[39],"system,":[40],"from":[41],"physical":[43],"sensors":[44],"(end":[45],"devices)":[46],"to":[47,104,137,174],"Cloud.":[49],"When":[50],"designing":[51],"battery-powered":[52,92],"end":[53,141,152],"devices,":[54],"previous":[55],"research":[56],"has":[57],"identified":[58],"several":[59],"challenges":[60],"such":[61],"as":[62],"wireless":[63,107],"connectivity,":[64],"battery":[65],"lifetime,":[66],"embedded":[67],"intelligence,":[68],"security":[69],"privacy":[71],"concerns,":[72],"costs":[74],"(modem":[75],"unit,":[76],"communication":[77,113],"link":[78],"maintenance,":[80],"among":[81],"others).":[82],"This":[83],"paper":[84,120],"focuses":[85],"design":[88,138],"development":[90],"IoT":[93],"devices":[94],"in":[95,135],"which":[96],"NarrowBand":[97],"(NB-IoT)":[101],"is":[102],"used":[103],"provide":[105],"seamless":[106],"connection,":[108],"reduce":[109],"power":[110],"consumption,":[111],"enhance":[112],"coverage":[114],"minimize":[116],"maintenance":[117],"costs.":[118],"The":[119],"describes":[121],"typical":[123],"use":[124],"case":[125],"where":[126],"Arm\u00aeCortex\u00ae-M0+":[128],"its":[130],"low-power":[131,140],"modes":[132],"exploited":[134],"order":[136],"device.":[142],"Two":[143],"different":[144],"approaches,":[145],"bare-metal":[146],"freeRTOS,":[148],"for":[149],"implementing":[150],"device":[153],"firmware":[154],"compared.":[156],"Additionally,":[157],"performance":[158],"tests":[159],"prove":[160],"increasing":[162],"clock":[164],"frequency":[165],"processor":[168],"does":[169],"not":[170],"bring":[171],"any":[172],"advantage":[173],"this":[175],"kind":[176],"applications.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}