{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996217540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8927481","title":"Development of Nonmechanical Zoom Lens System using Liquid Crystal","display_name":"Development of Nonmechanical Zoom Lens System using Liquid Crystal","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996217540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8927481","mag":"2996217540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2019.8927481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8927481","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045022481","display_name":"Haruka Hirai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171481255","display_name":"Shibaura Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020wjcq07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haruka Hirai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112678712","display_name":"Sota Shimizu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171481255","display_name":"Shibaura Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020wjcq07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sota Shimizu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Design engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Design engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101487970","display_name":"Takumi Saito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-198X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171481255","display_name":"Shibaura Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020wjcq07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takumi Saito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Design engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Design engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005809243","display_name":"Hokuto Kurihara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171481255","display_name":"Shibaura Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020wjcq07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hokuto Kurihara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Design engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Design engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068912051","display_name":"Marenori Kawamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9123-2752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203765153","display_name":"Akita University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hv1ad10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203765153"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marenori Kawamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electronic and Electric Engineering, Akita University, Akita, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronic and Electric Engineering, Akita University, Akita, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203765153"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030698488","display_name":"Susumu Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-9656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203765153","display_name":"Akita University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hv1ad10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203765153"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susumu Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electronic and Electric Engineering, Akita University, Akita, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronic and Electric Engineering, Akita University, Akita, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203765153"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5370","last_page":"5375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.8003751039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoom-lens","display_name":"Zoom lens","score":0.7744338512420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnification","display_name":"Magnification","score":0.7718533873558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoom","display_name":"Zoom","score":0.7329567074775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focal-length","display_name":"Focal length","score":0.7264453172683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6865853667259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple-lens","display_name":"Simple lens","score":0.6147258281707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-crystal","display_name":"Liquid crystal","score":0.5963141918182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3805163502693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3002135753631592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.8003751039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777750367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220310","display_name":"Zoom lens","level":4,"score":0.7744338512420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4144372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675287","display_name":"Magnification","level":2,"score":0.7718533873558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124913957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1232548","display_name":"Zoom","level":3,"score":0.7329567074775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82552819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193540","display_name":"Focal length","level":3,"score":0.7264453172683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6865853667259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135000090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520802","display_name":"Simple lens","level":4,"score":0.6147258281707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13274807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203989","display_name":"Liquid crystal","level":2,"score":0.5963141918182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3805163502693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3002135753631592}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2019.8927481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8927481","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3324826251","display_name":"Development of Compact Liquid Crystal Wide Angle Fovea Sensor with Rapid and Large Magnification Change at Attention Region","funder_award_id":"18K04055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965315806","https://openalex.org/W1969099078","https://openalex.org/W1970944898","https://openalex.org/W1993550369","https://openalex.org/W2039956803","https://openalex.org/W2056434691","https://openalex.org/W2075140093","https://openalex.org/W2087215492","https://openalex.org/W2274843326","https://openalex.org/W2897153183","https://openalex.org/W2919353425","https://openalex.org/W2955127375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2552141487","https://openalex.org/W2362231865","https://openalex.org/W4290805769","https://openalex.org/W2500142325","https://openalex.org/W2364947136","https://openalex.org/W2023857564","https://openalex.org/W2613335340","https://openalex.org/W2883554370","https://openalex.org/W2948295685","https://openalex.org/W3158318454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30,81],"Liquid":[1],"Crystal":[2],"(LC)":[3],"zoom":[4,44,127,165],"lens":[5,22,45,55,74,79,82,126,144,149,166],"system":[6,23,46,56],"has":[7],"strong":[8],"advantages":[9],"with":[10,145],"respect":[11],"to":[12],"its":[13,76,171],"size":[14],"and":[15,75,118,160],"small":[16],"electric":[17],"power":[18],"consumption,":[19],"because":[20,47],"this":[21,113],"does":[24],"not":[25],"have":[26],"any":[27],"mechanical":[28],"part.":[29],"authors":[31,116],"take":[32],"into":[33],"consideration":[34],"a":[35,50,65,93,103,120,146],"structure":[36,121,130],"of":[37,42,53,71,88,97,106,122,136,162],"the":[38,43,54,68,72,86,89,98,107,115,123,132,137,142,157,163],"Galilean":[39,124],"telescopic":[40],"type":[41],"it":[48],"makes":[49],"total":[51],"length":[52],"be":[57],"smaller.":[58],"Its":[59],"performance":[60],"is":[61,92,110,153],"simulated.":[62],"There":[63],"exists":[64],"trade-off":[66],"between":[67],"response":[69,158],"time":[70,159],"LC":[73,99,125,143,164],"potential":[77],"maximum":[78],"power.":[80,150],"power,":[83],"defined":[84],"as":[85],"reciprocal":[87],"focal":[90],"length,":[91],"very":[94],"important":[95],"factor":[96],"lens,":[100],"by":[101,140],"which":[102],"variable":[104,134],"range":[105,135],"magnification":[108,138],"change":[109,139],"determined.":[111],"In":[112],"paper,":[114],"discussed":[117],"tested":[119],"system.":[128,167],"This":[129,151],"achieves":[131],"same":[133],"using":[141],"much":[147],"smaller":[148],"result":[152],"quite":[154],"helpful":[155],"for":[156],"brightness":[161],"Simulation":[168],"results":[169],"showed":[170],"potentials.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}