{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995123294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8926777","title":"Optimal Power Flow Based Architecture Design for Electrical Power System in More-Electric Aircraft","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Based Architecture Design for Electrical Power System in More-Electric Aircraft","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995123294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8926777","mag":"2995123294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2019.8926777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8926777","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2956746","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100327964","display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-2441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University Of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University Of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079537267","display_name":"Jason Atkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-4982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Atkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University Of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University Of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080268934","display_name":"Serhiy Bozhko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0508-7198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serhiy Bozhko","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University Of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University Of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016390564","display_name":"Christopher Ian Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3547-8528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Ian Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University Of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University Of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1276,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53728362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5814","last_page":"5819"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.7242218255996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.6080807447433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5207529067993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.4800744652748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4676128625869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46731895208358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.44425466656684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-system","display_name":"Transmission system","score":0.4440476894378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power","display_name":"Electric power","score":0.4332127869129181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.4286481738090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-generator","display_name":"Electric generator","score":0.42864394187927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37819308042526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3656601905822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.3539801836013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.34970536828041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.32069164514541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2881131172180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.18315431475639343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7242218255996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.6080807447433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5207529067993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.4800744652748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4676128625869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46731895208358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.44425466656684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113608303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056835","display_name":"Transmission system","level":3,"score":0.4440476894378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.4332127869129181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.4286481738090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133118237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131502","display_name":"Electric generator","level":3,"score":0.42864394187927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37819308042526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3656601905822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3539801836013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.34970536828041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.32069164514541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2881131172180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.18315431475639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2019.8926777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8926777","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:2956746","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2956746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:2956746","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2956746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506037849","https://openalex.org/W1600618346","https://openalex.org/W1988349884","https://openalex.org/W1994037823","https://openalex.org/W2025434244","https://openalex.org/W2037783048","https://openalex.org/W2068934280","https://openalex.org/W2169957313","https://openalex.org/W2345682583","https://openalex.org/W2559128158","https://openalex.org/W2570570696","https://openalex.org/W2743773823","https://openalex.org/W2782898492","https://openalex.org/W2903750072","https://openalex.org/W3148511966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375311683","https://openalex.org/W2366062860","https://openalex.org/W2971464976","https://openalex.org/W2908948959","https://openalex.org/W3142155911","https://openalex.org/W919765236","https://openalex.org/W4230296268","https://openalex.org/W4298239879","https://openalex.org/W1998890849","https://openalex.org/W2538631107"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"designing":[1],"an":[2,37,196],"electric":[3,11],"power":[4,39,103,143,205],"system":[5,19,130,159,220],"(EPS)":[6],"architecture":[7,43,93,131,198],"for":[8,62,193,221],"a":[9],"more":[10],"aircraft":[12],"(MEA),":[13],"the":[14,18,25,30,48,51,58,69,78,83,90,102,129,139,142,148,153,158,164,169,180,183,190,194],"total":[15,154],"weight":[16,31],"of":[17,24,50,53,74,120,168],"is":[20],"treated":[21],"as":[22,187,189],"one":[23],"most":[26],"important":[27],"criteria.":[28],"For":[29],"saving":[32],"purpose,":[33],"this":[34],"paper":[35],"proposes":[36],"optimal":[38,92,204],"flow":[40],"(OPF)":[41],"based":[42],"design":[44,94],"method":[45],"to":[46,76,114,147,215],"minimise":[47,115],"redundancy":[49,201],"EPS":[52],"MEA,":[54],"which":[55],"includes":[56],"reducing":[57],"generator":[59,64,116,136,184,217],"overloading":[60],"requirements":[61],"lighter":[63,216],"design,":[65],"and":[66,72,118,135,138,172,202,218],"cutting":[67],"down":[68],"excessive":[70],"harness":[71],"number":[73,119],"contactors":[75],"lighten":[77],"wiring":[79,219],"system.":[80],"Based":[81],"on":[82],"formulized":[84],"mixed-integer":[85],"linear":[86],"programming":[87],"(MILP)":[88],"model,":[89],"addressed":[91],"(OAD)":[95],"problem":[96],"can":[97,211],"be":[98,212],"solved":[99],"by":[100,162],"optimising":[101],"routing":[104,206],"with":[105,145,199],"minimum":[106],"transmission":[107,155,166,181],"losses":[108,156,167,174],"in":[109,157,175,207],"different":[110,208],"flight":[111,149,209],"stages":[112,210],"simultaneously":[113],"sizing":[117],"connections.":[121],"The":[122],"model":[123,176],"contains":[124],"both":[125],"decision":[126],"variables":[127],"indicating":[128,141],"(e.g.":[132],"cables":[133,173],"existences":[134],"capacity)":[137],"ones":[140],"flows":[144],"regards":[146],"stages.":[150],"In":[151],"addition,":[152],"are":[160],"considered":[161],"formulizing":[163],"non-linear":[165],"DC/DC":[170],"converters":[171],"constraints.":[177],"By":[178],"minimising":[179],"losses,":[182],"overload":[185],"capacity,":[186],"well":[188],"cable":[191],"needed":[192],"connections,":[195],"optimised":[197],"less":[200],"having":[203],"realized,":[213],"leading":[214],"EPS.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
