{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996581377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8926687","title":"A Review of Management Architectures and Balancing Strategies in Smart Batteries","display_name":"A Review of Management Architectures and Balancing Strategies in Smart Batteries","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996581377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8926687","mag":"2996581377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2019.8926687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8926687","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/317183905/A_Review_of_Management_Architectures_and_Balancing_Strategies_in_Smart_Batteries.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025733726","display_name":"Xinrong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7291-2613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinrong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048736353","display_name":"Xin Sui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-469X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Sui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067847375","display_name":"Daniel\u2010Ioan Stroe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-8921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel-Ioan Stroe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019644280","display_name":"Remus Teodorescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-7168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Remus Teodorescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5909","last_page":"5914"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7175249457359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6820720434188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6386935710906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6100492477416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5068488717079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5051332116127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.487665057182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.33879542350769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.318897008895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.10298332571983337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09344479441642761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7175249457359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6820720434188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6386935710906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6100492477416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5068488717079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5051332116127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.487665057182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.33879542350769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.318897008895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.10298332571983337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09344479441642761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2019.8926687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8926687","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/973d36c4-cb34-40eb-9395-10231fc5d108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/973d36c4-cb34-40eb-9395-10231fc5d108","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/317183905/A_Review_of_Management_Architectures_and_Balancing_Strategies_in_Smart_Batteries.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Huang, X, Sui, X, Stroe, D-I & Teodorescu, R 2019, A Review of Management Architectures and Balancing Strategies in Smart Batteries. in Proceedings of IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE Press, Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Lisbon, Portugal, 14/10/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8926687","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/973d36c4-cb34-40eb-9395-10231fc5d108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/973d36c4-cb34-40eb-9395-10231fc5d108","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/317183905/A_Review_of_Management_Architectures_and_Balancing_Strategies_in_Smart_Batteries.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Huang, X, Sui, X, Stroe, D-I & Teodorescu, R 2019, A Review of Management Architectures and Balancing Strategies in Smart Batteries. in Proceedings of IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE Press, Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Lisbon, Portugal, 14/10/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8926687","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2996581377.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2996581377.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535094960","https://openalex.org/W2007002001","https://openalex.org/W2007390123","https://openalex.org/W2040136551","https://openalex.org/W2042513919","https://openalex.org/W2048946908","https://openalex.org/W2109118668","https://openalex.org/W2139699633","https://openalex.org/W2149394568","https://openalex.org/W2257715495","https://openalex.org/W2277942135","https://openalex.org/W2292736879","https://openalex.org/W2293413692","https://openalex.org/W2321766252","https://openalex.org/W2342796688","https://openalex.org/W2417461799","https://openalex.org/W2560555122","https://openalex.org/W2587699203","https://openalex.org/W2613389393","https://openalex.org/W2733662091","https://openalex.org/W2773590066","https://openalex.org/W2782513694","https://openalex.org/W2795552294","https://openalex.org/W2888836783","https://openalex.org/W2895602755","https://openalex.org/W2903950955","https://openalex.org/W2908300835","https://openalex.org/W3098048622","https://openalex.org/W6632069051","https://openalex.org/W6754906173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W2977179488","https://openalex.org/W2144453115","https://openalex.org/W2744553356","https://openalex.org/W2128223750","https://openalex.org/W4238532390","https://openalex.org/W2188872161","https://openalex.org/W2961779879","https://openalex.org/W797688974","https://openalex.org/W2610007503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Battery":[0],"management":[1,102],"systems":[2],"(BMSs)":[3],"play":[4],"a":[5],"critical":[6],"role":[7],"to":[8,37,124],"ensure":[9],"the":[10,14,17,21,46,55,62,79,86,99,113,125,130],"safety":[11],"and":[12,32,41,82,108],"extend":[13],"lifetime":[15],"of":[16,101,129],"Lithium-ion":[18],"batteries.":[19,115],"In":[20,35],"conventional":[22],"BMSs,":[23,57],"there":[24],"are":[25,49,54,59,91,121,133],"some":[26],"disadvantages":[27],"such":[28],"as":[29],"low":[30],"scalability":[31],"insufficient":[33],"flexibility.":[34],"order":[36],"enhance":[38],"these":[39],"performances":[40],"further":[42],"increase":[43],"their":[44],"reliability,":[45],"smart":[47,52,94,114,119,131],"batteries":[48,53,120,132],"proposed.":[50],"The":[51],"cell-level":[56],"which":[58],"built":[60],"by":[61],"integrated":[63,70],"cell":[64,71],"modules":[65],"connected":[66],"in":[67,112],"series.":[68],"Each":[69],"module":[72],"can":[73,83],"monitor":[74],"its":[75],"own":[76],"states,":[77],"control":[78],"bypass":[80,106,109],"circuit,":[81],"communicate":[84],"with":[85],"master":[87],"controller,":[88],"thus":[89],"they":[90],"also":[92],"called":[93],"cells.":[95],"This":[96],"paper":[97],"presents":[98],"state-of-the-art":[100],"architectures,":[103],"communication":[104],"implementations,":[105],"circuits,":[107],"decision":[110],"strategies":[111],"Four":[116],"different":[117],"existing":[118],"compared.":[122],"According":[123],"comparison,":[126],"future":[127],"trends":[128],"provided.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}