{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2906982918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2018.8591395","title":"Spatially Distributed Water Quality Monitoring using Floating Sensors","display_name":"Spatially Distributed Water Quality Monitoring using Floating Sensors","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2906982918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2018.8591395","mag":"2906982918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2018.8591395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2018.8591395","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030635045","display_name":"Zahoor Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6976-1703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zahoor Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Water Informatics & Technology (WIT), Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Water Informatics & Technology (WIT), Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017342171","display_name":"Rubab Khalid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rubab Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Water Informatics & Technology (WIT), Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Water Informatics & Technology (WIT), Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007677816","display_name":"Abubakr Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-6707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abubakr Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030635045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68254773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2833","last_page":"2838"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.725040078163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality","display_name":"Water quality","score":0.6963028907775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbidity","display_name":"Turbidity","score":0.6161647439002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-water","display_name":"Surface water","score":0.5802191495895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater","display_name":"Wastewater","score":0.5603694319725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-runoff","display_name":"Surface runoff","score":0.5256869792938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sewage","display_name":"Sewage","score":0.46598902344703674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resources","display_name":"Water resources","score":0.44022130966186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation","display_name":"Irrigation","score":0.43116357922554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution","display_name":"Pollution","score":0.4257740378379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.3924848735332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resource-management","display_name":"Water resource management","score":0.3321388363838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.11147931218147278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.725040078163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.6963028907775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64016661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898574","display_name":"Turbidity","level":2,"score":0.6161647439002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.5802191495895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.5603694319725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.5256869792938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58790150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10966166","display_name":"Sewage","level":2,"score":0.46598902344703674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.44022130966186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.43116357922554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.4257740378379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3924848735332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.3321388363838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11147931218147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2018.8591395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2018.8591395","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W348865168","https://openalex.org/W1515655700","https://openalex.org/W1858803997","https://openalex.org/W1964726610","https://openalex.org/W2027924754","https://openalex.org/W2033342175","https://openalex.org/W2093457913","https://openalex.org/W2112568877","https://openalex.org/W2122735998","https://openalex.org/W2172821984","https://openalex.org/W2512451142","https://openalex.org/W2520791146","https://openalex.org/W2566689019","https://openalex.org/W2595939442","https://openalex.org/W2614824628","https://openalex.org/W2735604772","https://openalex.org/W2994921834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2936713214","https://openalex.org/W2356755667","https://openalex.org/W3208236762","https://openalex.org/W4304690685","https://openalex.org/W2488034869","https://openalex.org/W4360922838","https://openalex.org/W2376277560","https://openalex.org/W2361701319","https://openalex.org/W2361596725","https://openalex.org/W3176568214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developing":[0],"countries":[1],"have":[2,107],"poor":[3],"wastewater":[4],"management":[5],"infrastructure.":[6],"Wastewater":[7],"from":[8,129],"various":[9],"sources":[10,98],"such":[11,30,103,132,148],"as":[12,31,133],"domestic":[13],"sewage,":[14],"untreated":[15],"industrial":[16],"discharge,":[17],"agricultural":[18],"runoff,":[19],"and":[20,34,52,67,118,137,158,166],"animal":[21],"waste":[22],"is":[23,114],"usually":[24],"dumped":[25],"into":[26],"surface":[27,43],"water":[28,44,78,124,130,146,184],"resources":[29],"canals,":[32,135],"streams":[33,136],"rivers.":[35,138],"This":[36],"results":[37],"in":[38,56,127,195],"the":[39,50,61,65,96,105,142,163,170],"degraded":[40],"quality":[41,125,147,185],"of":[42,64,99,116,145,169,180,191],"which":[45,92,113],"poses":[46],"adverse":[47],"effects":[48],"on":[49],"ecosystem":[51],"human":[53],"socio-economic":[54],"needs":[55,63],"many":[57],"different":[58],"ways.":[59],"Considering":[60],"socioeconomic":[62],"current":[66],"future":[68],"generations,":[69],"steps":[70],"need":[71],"to":[72,75,80],"be":[73],"taken":[74],"restore":[76],"these":[77],"bodies":[79,131],"their":[81],"natural":[82],"form.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85],"regard,":[86],"we":[87],"require":[88],"some":[89],"monitoring":[90],"tools":[91],"can":[93,140],"help":[94],"identify":[95],"main":[97],"pollution.":[100],"To":[101],"answer":[102],"questions,":[104],"authors":[106],"developed":[108],"a":[109],"Lagrangian":[110],"sensor":[111],"system":[112],"capable":[115],"logging":[117],"transmitting":[119],"spatially":[120],"distributed":[121],"GPS":[122],"tagged":[123],"data":[126],"real-time":[128],"drains,":[134],"It":[139],"measure":[141],"physico-chemical":[143],"parameters":[144,186],"as,":[149],"pH,":[150],"dissolved":[151],"oxygen,":[152],"electrical":[153],"conductivity,":[154],"oxidation-reduction":[155],"potential,":[156],"temperature":[157],"turbidity.":[159],"The":[160],"paper":[161],"describes":[162],"design,":[164],"development":[165],"deployment":[167],"stages":[168],"floating":[171],"device.":[172],"We":[173],"report":[174],"our":[175],"initial":[176],"successful":[177],"field":[178],"experiment":[179],"continuously":[181],"recording":[182],"six":[183],"across":[187],"4.3":[188],"km":[189],"length":[190],"an":[192],"irrigation":[193],"canal":[194],"Pakistan.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
