{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2906976349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2018.8591212","title":"Analysis of Energy Infficiency Challenges in Cognititive Radio Sensor Networks","display_name":"Analysis of Energy Infficiency Challenges in Cognititive Radio Sensor Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2906976349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2018.8591212","mag":"2906976349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2018.8591212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2018.8591212","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009663872","display_name":"Koketso Ntshabele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2118-6310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koketso Ntshabele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041204057","display_name":"Bassey Isong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-4627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassey Isong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090593890","display_name":"Nosipho Dladlu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4820-0813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nosipho Dladlu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045534879","display_name":"Adnan M. Abu\u2010Mahfouz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-3924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Modelling and Digital Science, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Modelling and Digital Science, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9047,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72906529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4699","last_page":"4705"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.8452000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.8452000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.9229862689971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inefficiency","display_name":"Inefficiency","score":0.8180345892906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7663522362709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7467725276947021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6303356885910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5771890878677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.575831413269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5690487623214722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.541772723197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.43072015047073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.42803728580474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.40352874994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.3776699900627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16318386793136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1585807502269745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1464504599571228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.9229862689971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.8180345892906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7663522362709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7467725276947021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6303356885910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5771890878677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.575831413269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5690487623214722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.541772723197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.43072015047073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.42803728580474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.40352874994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3776699900627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16318386793136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1585807502269745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1464504599571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2018.8591212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2018.8591212","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607874928","https://openalex.org/W1682880250","https://openalex.org/W1972217247","https://openalex.org/W1972382727","https://openalex.org/W2019812282","https://openalex.org/W2058210522","https://openalex.org/W2076579100","https://openalex.org/W2081482168","https://openalex.org/W2081951817","https://openalex.org/W2083835467","https://openalex.org/W2084026635","https://openalex.org/W2090610320","https://openalex.org/W2182132145","https://openalex.org/W2183716737","https://openalex.org/W2345071975","https://openalex.org/W2423048736","https://openalex.org/W2524780091","https://openalex.org/W2562783839","https://openalex.org/W2753595199","https://openalex.org/W2768223877","https://openalex.org/W2769221205","https://openalex.org/W2771152181","https://openalex.org/W2790853702","https://openalex.org/W2795713228","https://openalex.org/W2800532167","https://openalex.org/W2885316547","https://openalex.org/W2963719192","https://openalex.org/W6750013049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2264067234","https://openalex.org/W3124243301","https://openalex.org/W1589409554","https://openalex.org/W2759038785","https://openalex.org/W2172232600","https://openalex.org/W3123876860","https://openalex.org/W3124172198","https://openalex.org/W2142633247","https://openalex.org/W2148394657","https://openalex.org/W1512668784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,13,26,35,61,68,106,114,179],"the":[2,11,17,23,36,41,45,50,65,73,87,104,115,131,136,143,149,155,183],"challenges":[3,42,102,153,166],"faced":[4],"by":[5],"Wireless":[6],"sensor":[7,46,91,185],"networks":[8,92],"(WSNs)":[9],"is":[10,80,120,167],"issue":[12],"uncontrollable":[14],"interference":[15],"as":[16,33,110,112],"spectrum":[18,52,74],"becomes":[19],"congested":[20],"due":[21,168],"to":[22,39,48,63,82,121,129,145,157,169,188,201,204],"current":[24],"proliferation":[25],"wireless":[27,184],"devices.":[28],"Cognitive":[29],"radio":[30,90],"(CR)":[31],"emerged":[32],"one":[34],"promising":[37],"solutions":[38,207],"overcome":[40,158],"while":[43],"having":[44],"nodes":[47,57,186],"access":[49],"licensed":[51],"band.":[53],"However,":[54],"these":[55],"sensors":[56],"consume":[58],"huge":[59],"amount":[60,178],"energy":[62,84,100,151,164,180,187],"accommodate":[64],"CR":[66,172],"functionalities":[67],"sensing":[69],"and":[70,98,108,127,147,154],"switching":[71],"between":[72],"bands.":[75],"Consequently,":[76],"an":[77],"efficient":[78,206],"mechanism":[79],"needed":[81],"enhance":[83],"efficiency":[85],"in":[86,103,142],"resulting":[88],"cognitive":[89],"(CRSNs).":[93],"Therefore,":[94],"this":[95],"paper":[96],"surveys":[97],"analyses":[99],"inefficiency":[101,152,165],"realm":[105],"WSN":[107,170],"CRSNs":[109],"well":[111],"some":[113],"proposed":[116,196],"approaches.":[117],"The":[118,160],"objective":[119],"comprehend":[122],"what":[123],"has":[124],"been":[125,195],"done":[126],"how":[128],"improve":[130],"impeding":[132],"challenges.":[133],"We":[134],"conducted":[135],"analysis":[137],"on":[138],"11":[139],"related":[140],"papers":[141],"literature":[144],"analyze":[146],"identify":[148],"existing":[150],"mechanisms":[156,193],"them.":[159],"findings":[161],"shows":[162],"that":[163,208],"performing":[171],"capabilities":[173],"thus,":[174],"consuming":[175],"a":[176],"considerate":[177],"which":[181],"causes":[182],"deplete":[189],"incessantly.":[190],"Moreover,":[191],"several":[192],"have":[194],"but":[197],"more":[198],"research":[199],"need":[200],"be":[202],"performed":[203],"find":[205],"are":[209],"dynamic":[210],"with":[211],"technological":[212],"advancements.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}