{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2568734075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7794130","title":"Review of disruption predictors in nuclear fusion: Classical, from scratch and anomaly detection approaches","display_name":"Review of disruption predictors in nuclear fusion: Classical, from scratch and anomaly detection approaches","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2568734075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7794130","mag":"2568734075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2016.7794130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7794130","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081098370","display_name":"J. Vega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1622-3984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800863004","display_name":"Culham Centre for Fusion Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/05nmyph15","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800863004","https://openalex.org/I2802373619","https://openalex.org/I4210110861","https://openalex.org/I47367911"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Vega","raw_affiliation_strings":["Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, GB"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800863004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050331557","display_name":"R. Moreno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-2333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800863004","display_name":"Culham Centre for Fusion Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/05nmyph15","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800863004","https://openalex.org/I2802373619","https://openalex.org/I4210110861","https://openalex.org/I47367911"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Moreno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, GB"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800863004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090846089","display_name":"A. Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7945-6569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800863004","display_name":"Culham Centre for Fusion Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/05nmyph15","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800863004","https://openalex.org/I2802373619","https://openalex.org/I4210110861","https://openalex.org/I47367911"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, GB"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800863004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020073188","display_name":"G.A. Ratt\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5676-9631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800863004","display_name":"Culham Centre for Fusion Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/05nmyph15","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800863004","https://openalex.org/I2802373619","https://openalex.org/I4210110861","https://openalex.org/I47367911"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. A. Ratta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, GB"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800863004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043953788","display_name":"A. Murari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3932-3865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Murari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Veneto, IT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Veneto, IT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071036387","display_name":"S. Dormido-Canto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7652-5338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178450904","display_name":"National University of Distance Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02msb5n36","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Dormido-Canto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Madrid, Madrid, ES"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Madrid, Madrid, ES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060786261","display_name":"S. Esquembri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6519-8340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139293","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/040scgh75","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Esquembri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688","https://openalex.org/I4210139293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063491750","display_name":"E. Barrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7197-8821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139293","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/040scgh75","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Barrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688","https://openalex.org/I4210139293"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017237458","display_name":"M. Ru\u00edz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1337-0110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139293","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/040scgh75","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ruiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688","https://openalex.org/I4210139293"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081098370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800863004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05245334,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6375","last_page":"6379"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10592","display_name":"Fusion materials and technologies","score":0.9376999735832214,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratch","display_name":"Scratch","score":0.6988412737846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.6935998201370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6458773612976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6383030414581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticipation","display_name":"Anticipation (artificial intelligence)","score":0.6112804412841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty-detection","display_name":"Novelty detection","score":0.6072747707366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.5939157009124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alarm","display_name":"ALARM","score":0.5747414231300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.5632737874984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5003516674041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.4949468970298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43209967017173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42816731333732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incremental-learning","display_name":"Incremental learning","score":0.4107971489429474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14628508687019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.12952330708503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11829793453216553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.6988412737846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.6935998201370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6458773612976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6383030414581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176777502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774623","display_name":"Anticipation (artificial intelligence)","level":2,"score":0.6112804412841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778924833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7064603","display_name":"Novelty detection","level":3,"score":0.6072747707366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.5939157009124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294350","display_name":"ALARM","level":2,"score":0.5747414231300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5632737874984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5003516674041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.4949468970298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43209967017173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42816731333732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780735816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324931","display_name":"Incremental learning","level":2,"score":0.4107971489429474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14628508687019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.12952330708503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11829793453216553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2016.7794130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7794130","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553101044","https://openalex.org/W2029148907","https://openalex.org/W2036137984","https://openalex.org/W2038319836","https://openalex.org/W2076138890","https://openalex.org/W2091163244","https://openalex.org/W2093149755","https://openalex.org/W2096798184","https://openalex.org/W2098693688","https://openalex.org/W2115755118","https://openalex.org/W2411318635","https://openalex.org/W2491057826","https://openalex.org/W2792854582","https://openalex.org/W2998222649","https://openalex.org/W6749352617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983393909","https://openalex.org/W2040150569","https://openalex.org/W2468095590","https://openalex.org/W2132174924","https://openalex.org/W1911540634","https://openalex.org/W2013909972","https://openalex.org/W4287234591","https://openalex.org/W3126776133","https://openalex.org/W3198636227","https://openalex.org/W2290435839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Disruption":[0],"predictors":[1],"are":[2,15],"implemented":[3],"as":[4],"data-driven":[5,13],"models":[6,14],"obtained":[7],"from":[8,17],"machine":[9],"learning":[10,62],"techniques.":[11],"These":[12],"deduced":[16],"a":[18,73,109,124],"training":[19],"process":[20],"with":[21,147],"thousands":[22],"of":[23,42,58,98,111],"discharges":[24,60],"(both":[25],"disruptive":[26],"and":[27,78,117,132],"non-disruptive).":[28],"ITER":[29],"or":[30],"DEMO,":[31],"the":[32,56,86,99,126,133,143],"next":[33],"step":[34],"devices":[35],"cannot":[36],"afford":[37],"to":[38,44,54,67,79,95,108],"wait":[39],"for":[40,50,61],"hundreds":[41],"disruptions":[43],"start":[45],"predicting.":[46],"A":[47],"novelty":[48],"approach":[49],"disruption":[51],"prediction":[52],"is":[53,66,77,129,137,145],"avoid":[55],"use":[57],"past":[59],"purposes.":[63],"The":[64],"objective":[65],"learn":[68],"in":[69,85,106,123],"every":[70],"discharge":[71],"how":[72],"safe":[74],"plasma":[75],"evolution":[76],"trigger":[80],"an":[81,148],"alarm":[82,135,144],"when":[83],"anomalies":[84,93],"data":[87],"flow":[88],"appear.":[89],"Of":[90],"course,":[91],"these":[92,104],"have":[94],"be":[96],"signatures":[97],"phenomenon's":[100],"precursors.":[101],"By":[102],"applying":[103],"ideas":[105],"JET":[107],"dataset":[110],"more":[112,118],"than":[113,119],"1700":[114],"non-disruptive":[115],"shots":[116],"550":[120],"that":[121],"ended":[122],"disruption,":[125],"success":[127],"rate":[128,136],"about":[130],"90%":[131],"false":[134],"slightly":[138],"above":[139,151],"7%.":[140],"On":[141],"average,":[142],"triggered":[146],"anticipation":[149],"time":[150],"200":[152],"ms.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}