{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2569575587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7794024","title":"A comparison of voltage balancing versus energy balancing approach for modular multilevel converters","display_name":"A comparison of voltage balancing versus energy balancing approach for modular multilevel converters","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2569575587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7794024","mag":"2569575587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2016.7794024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7794024","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065543182","display_name":"Apparao Dekka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9968-5956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apparao Dekka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100742653","display_name":"Bin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8166-6020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085020849","display_name":"Ricardo Lizana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8348-5258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38685851","display_name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de la Sant\u00edsima Concepci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/03y6k2j68","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38685851"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Lizana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38685851"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019055429","display_name":"Navid R. Zargari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8747-1507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127883","display_name":"Rockwell Automation (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qm4q539","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127883","https://openalex.org/I57053284"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navid R. Zargari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medium-Voltage Drive R&D, Rockwell Automation, Cambridge, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medium-Voltage Drive R&D, Rockwell Automation, Cambridge, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127883"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3117","last_page":"3122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9435999989509583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12491","display_name":"Superconductivity in MgB2 and Alloys","score":0.9395999908447266,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.78754723072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.6995623707771301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.6342446804046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.6295332908630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6192376613616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5318353176116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49237120151519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.46654295921325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.45905813574790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-harmonic-distortion","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","score":0.43339332938194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.42790234088897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor","display_name":"Insulated-gate bipolar transistor","score":0.41399580240249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.4103946387767792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35810112953186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07188862562179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.06383088231086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06115221977233887}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.78754723072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.6995623707771301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.6342446804046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.6295332908630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6192376613616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5318353176116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49237120151519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.46654295921325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45905813574790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.43339332938194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.42790234088897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28285623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176110","display_name":"Insulated-gate bipolar transistor","level":3,"score":0.41399580240249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.4103946387767792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35810112953186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07188862562179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.06383088231086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06115221977233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2016.7794024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7794024","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964350159","https://openalex.org/W1993830253","https://openalex.org/W2039233981","https://openalex.org/W2069023265","https://openalex.org/W2091662440","https://openalex.org/W2136509165","https://openalex.org/W2249745905","https://openalex.org/W2316904322","https://openalex.org/W2328229040","https://openalex.org/W2333313960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2318746575","https://openalex.org/W3164416905","https://openalex.org/W2394855236","https://openalex.org/W2385832380","https://openalex.org/W2060044332","https://openalex.org/W2380046073","https://openalex.org/W4290391210","https://openalex.org/W1524763411","https://openalex.org/W2115100193","https://openalex.org/W1590159885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,52,137],"multilevel":[1,20],"submodules":[2,16],"(SMs)":[3],"bring":[4],"the":[5,18,33,48,63,86,93,103,113,120],"added":[6],"advantages":[7],"of":[8,38,68,115,123,139,146,152,156],"compact":[9],"size":[10],"and":[11,65,95,125,133,148,159,162,165],"improved":[12],"efficiency":[13],"over":[14,107],"standard":[15],"to":[17,46,61],"modular":[19],"converter":[21],"(MMC).":[22],"These":[23],"SMs":[24,42,87],"have":[25,88,99],"more":[26],"than":[27],"one":[28],"floating":[29],"capacitor,":[30],"which":[31,111],"stores":[32],"arm":[34,37],"energy.":[35],"Each":[36],"MMC":[39,130],"has":[40],"several":[41],"connected":[43],"in":[44,144],"series":[45],"meet":[47],"required":[49],"operating":[50],"voltage.":[51],"SM":[53,104,135,160],"capacitors":[54],"voltage":[55,78,94,124,164],"or":[56,80],"energy":[57,81,96,126],"must":[58],"be":[59,73],"controlled":[60],"ensure":[62],"safe":[64],"reliable":[66],"operation":[67],"MMC.":[69,116],"This":[70,117],"objective":[71],"can":[72],"achieved":[74],"by":[75],"using":[76],"either":[77],"balancing":[79,82,97,127,140],"approaches.":[83],"When":[84],"all":[85],"equal":[89,132],"capacitance":[90,105],"value,":[91],"then":[92],"approaches":[98,128,141],"identical":[100],"performance.":[101],"However,":[102],"deteriorates":[106],"a":[108],"long":[109],"run,":[110],"affects":[112],"performance":[114,121,138],"paper":[118],"presents":[119],"comparison":[122],"for":[129],"with":[131],"unequal":[134],"capacitance.":[136],"is":[142],"evaluated":[143],"terms":[145],"active":[147],"reactive":[149],"power":[150],"loading":[151],"individual":[153],"SMs,":[154],"rating":[155],"IGBT":[157],"devices":[158],"capacitors,":[161],"output":[163],"current":[166],"harmonic":[167],"distortion.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
