{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2571292791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7793492","title":"A review of technologies for MVDC circuit breakers","display_name":"A review of technologies for MVDC circuit breakers","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2571292791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7793492","mag":"2571292791"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2016.7793492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7793492","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/47216043/A_Review_of_technologies_for_MVDC_circuit_breakers.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066371597","display_name":"Xiaoze Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7912-2999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"X. Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL UK","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050321854","display_name":"Oliver Cwikowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7444-151X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Cwikowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL UK","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083716373","display_name":"Damian Vilchis\u2010Rodriguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-1207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. S. Vilchis-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL UK","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075776760","display_name":"Mike Barnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6614-8839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL UK","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030486210","display_name":"A.C. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6782-4627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. C. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL UK","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052661399","display_name":"R. Shuttleworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-3246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Shuttleworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL UK","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066371597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4371,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":161,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97609178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3799","last_page":"3805"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.9524999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-breaker","display_name":"Circuit breaker","score":0.9189440608024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.6429350972175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5757755041122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5418691039085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commutation","display_name":"Commutation","score":0.5316259264945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5182728171348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recloser","display_name":"Recloser","score":0.5009496212005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disconnector","display_name":"Disconnector","score":0.4330790638923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.42632463574409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.403107613325119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37489932775497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3551613688468933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61352017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211058","display_name":"Circuit breaker","level":2,"score":0.9189440608024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6429350972175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5757755041122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5418691039085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780147050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155085","display_name":"Commutation","level":3,"score":0.5316259264945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5182728171348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31712484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618740","display_name":"Recloser","level":3,"score":0.5009496212005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66325886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860300","display_name":"Disconnector","level":3,"score":0.4330790638923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.42632463574409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.403107613325119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37489932775497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3551613688468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2016.7793492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7793492","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/648d7b64-de76-403e-b70e-8e1b4cd5864a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/648d7b64-de76-403e-b70e-8e1b4cd5864a","pdf_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/47216043/A_Review_of_technologies_for_MVDC_circuit_breakers.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pei, X, Cwikowski, O, Vilchis-Rodriguez, D, Barnes, M, Smith, A & Shuttleworth, R 2016, A Review of technologies for MVDC circuit breakers. in 42nd Annual Industrial Electronics Conference (IECON2016) . IEEE, 42nd Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Florence, Italy, 24/10/16. https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7793492","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/648d7b64-de76-403e-b70e-8e1b4cd5864a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/648d7b64-de76-403e-b70e-8e1b4cd5864a","pdf_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/47216043/A_Review_of_technologies_for_MVDC_circuit_breakers.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pei, X, Cwikowski, O, Vilchis-Rodriguez, D, Barnes, M, Smith, A & Shuttleworth, R 2016, A Review of technologies for MVDC circuit breakers. in 42nd Annual Industrial Electronics Conference (IECON2016) . IEEE, 42nd Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Florence, Italy, 24/10/16. https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7793492","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8547966481","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L021552/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2571292791.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2571292791.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180115681","https://openalex.org/W1484012875","https://openalex.org/W2082576072","https://openalex.org/W2110459393","https://openalex.org/W2128933440","https://openalex.org/W2132745866","https://openalex.org/W2136635391","https://openalex.org/W2145093596","https://openalex.org/W2157640263","https://openalex.org/W2158230994","https://openalex.org/W2271607980","https://openalex.org/W2400615697","https://openalex.org/W2538476816","https://openalex.org/W2588396126","https://openalex.org/W4241229552","https://openalex.org/W6671264094","https://openalex.org/W6679450792","https://openalex.org/W6733335730","https://openalex.org/W7033377906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981823288","https://openalex.org/W2380655367","https://openalex.org/W2020898970","https://openalex.org/W4234406316","https://openalex.org/W2353372523","https://openalex.org/W2534387874","https://openalex.org/W2133431391","https://openalex.org/W2369550652","https://openalex.org/W4387005520","https://openalex.org/W1815434548"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Medium":[0],"voltage":[1],"direct":[2],"current":[3,43,61],"(MVDC)":[4],"distribution":[5],"networks":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8],"considered":[9],"for":[10,135,141],"various":[11],"applications,":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"offshore":[15],"wind":[16],"farm":[17],"collector":[18],"systems,":[19],"all-electric":[20],"naval":[21],"vessels,":[22],"and":[23,75,80],"aircraft.":[24],"MVDC":[25,71,93,137,147],"circuit":[26,72,101,116,148],"breakers":[27,149],"are":[28,150],"a":[29,113,123],"critical":[30],"technology":[31],"to":[32,63],"directly":[33],"manage":[34],"faults":[35],"in":[36,50,92],"multi-terminal":[37],"DC":[38,42,100,115],"(MTDC)":[39],"networks.":[40],"However,":[41],"breaking":[44],"is":[45,55,107],"much":[46],"more":[47],"challenging":[48],"than":[49],"AC":[51],"systems":[52],"because":[53],"there":[54],"no":[56],"natural":[57],"zero-crossing":[58],"of":[59,97,145],"the":[60,142],"waveform":[62],"aid":[64],"fault":[65,124],"isolation.":[66],"This":[67,82],"paper":[68,83,110],"reviews":[69],"existing":[70],"breaker":[73,102,117],"technologies":[74],"also":[76,84,151],"discusses":[77],"their":[78],"advantages":[79],"disadvantages.":[81],"introduces":[85],"new":[86],"topologies":[87,103],"that":[88,112],"can":[89,121],"be":[90],"applied":[91],"applications.":[94,138],"The":[95,109,139],"operation":[96],"several":[98],"hybrid":[99,114],"with":[104,118,128],"aided":[105,119],"commutation":[106,120],"included.":[108],"illustrates":[111],"clear":[122],"within":[125],"2-5":[126],"msecs":[127],"low":[129],"losses,":[130],"this":[131],"shows":[132],"great":[133],"potential":[134],"future":[136],"implications":[140],"practical":[143],"design":[144],"commercial":[146],"discussed.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}