{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2567951365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7793485","title":"Real-time estimation of weld penetration using weld pool surface based calibration","display_name":"Real-time estimation of weld penetration using weld pool surface based calibration","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2567951365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7793485","mag":"2567951365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2016.7793485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7793485","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018643116","display_name":"Shaojie Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-7275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaojie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA","State Key Laboratory of Advance Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, CN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advance Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070539220","display_name":"Hongming Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-3184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongming Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advance Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advance Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717186","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-8174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018643116","display_name":"Shaojie Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-7275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaojie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA","State Key Laboratory of Advance Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, CN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advance Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005715004","display_name":"Yuming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4313-2498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"294","last_page":"299"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13965","display_name":"Laser and Thermal Forming Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weld-pool","display_name":"Weld pool","score":0.9017698764801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding","display_name":"Welding","score":0.8504822254180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetration","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","score":0.6585371494293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetration-depth","display_name":"Penetration depth","score":0.5713990330696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.46525508165359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4214906692504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4144134521484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3946889042854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-tungsten-arc-welding","display_name":"Gas tungsten arc welding","score":0.23689132928848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21295377612113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc-welding","display_name":"Arc welding","score":0.14075428247451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14058008790016174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13197371363639832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08663317561149597}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776143536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7980866","display_name":"Weld pool","level":5,"score":0.9017698764801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.8504822254180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.6585371494293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193493375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1306232","display_name":"Penetration depth","level":2,"score":0.5713990330696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.46525508165359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4214906692504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4144134521484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3946889042854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3450827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1627310","display_name":"Gas tungsten arc welding","level":4,"score":0.23689132928848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21295377612113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20480867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422937","display_name":"Arc welding","level":3,"score":0.14075428247451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14058008790016174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13197371363639832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08663317561149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2016.7793485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7793485","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112350645","https://openalex.org/W132869590","https://openalex.org/W1622780813","https://openalex.org/W1965424526","https://openalex.org/W1972852353","https://openalex.org/W1979320916","https://openalex.org/W1981227762","https://openalex.org/W1990070209","https://openalex.org/W1996565636","https://openalex.org/W2007540979","https://openalex.org/W2009398724","https://openalex.org/W2043826792","https://openalex.org/W2048680356","https://openalex.org/W2072054825","https://openalex.org/W2090673273","https://openalex.org/W2131681261","https://openalex.org/W2143563965","https://openalex.org/W2159709858","https://openalex.org/W2265861088","https://openalex.org/W2499719894","https://openalex.org/W3126670658","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6604550477","https://openalex.org/W6605402158","https://openalex.org/W6693378750","https://openalex.org/W6724205488","https://openalex.org/W6789916712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2524205921","https://openalex.org/W2979748938","https://openalex.org/W4381929423","https://openalex.org/W2794664540","https://openalex.org/W2979350279","https://openalex.org/W2016848181","https://openalex.org/W1974624912","https://openalex.org/W2917773115","https://openalex.org/W2018325570","https://openalex.org/W4381996331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Appropriate":[0],"depth":[1],"of":[2,45,55,75,109,123,216],"weld":[3,14,39,47,78,111,126,138,160,169,188,202,207],"penetration":[4,15,74,142,203],"is":[5,19,64,114,149],"required":[6],"in":[7,60,99,180],"many":[8],"precision":[9],"joining":[10],"application":[11],"but":[12],"the":[13,17,24,37,43,46,52,68,73,76,81,92,103,110,119,124,130,134,145,168,172,187,200,205,217],"underneath":[16,171],"work-piece":[18,173],"not":[20,85],"directly/conventionally":[21],"measurable":[22,38],"during":[23],"welding":[25,146,218],"process.":[26,219],"This":[27],"work":[28],"aims":[29],"at":[30],"establishing":[31],"an":[32,165,175],"analytic":[33,104,156],"model":[34,132,157],"to":[35,42,66,101,117,143,194,198],"correlate":[36],"pool":[40,112,127,139,161,170,189],"surface":[41,113,162],"development":[44,190],"pool.":[48,79],"To":[49],"this":[50],"end,":[51],"analytical":[53,82,131],"solution":[54,83],"single-ellipsoidal":[56],"static":[57],"heat":[58],"source":[59],"finite":[61],"thick":[62],"plate":[63],"used":[65,116],"calculate":[67],"temperature":[69],"filed":[70],"that":[71,129,151,154],"provides":[72],"developing":[77],"However,":[80],"may":[84],"be":[86,192,195],"as":[87,89,209,211],"accurate":[88],"expected":[90],"because":[91],"convection,":[93],"radiation":[94],"etc.":[95],"have":[96],"been":[97],"omitted":[98],"order":[100],"obtain":[102],"solution.":[105],"A":[106],"3D":[107],"measurement":[108],"thus":[115],"calibrate":[118],"size":[120],"and":[121,141,158],"shape":[122],"calculated":[125],"such":[128,152],"after":[133],"calibration":[135,153],"will":[136,191],"provide":[137,164],"boundary":[140],"control":[144,215],"parameters.":[147],"It":[148],"found":[150],"combines":[155],"on-line":[159],"can":[163],"estimation":[166],"for":[167,204,212],"with":[174],"accuracy":[176],"better":[177],"than":[178],"90%":[179],"all":[181],"three":[182],"dimensions.":[183],"As":[184],"a":[185],"result,":[186],"able":[193],"dynamically":[196],"controlled":[197],"assure":[199],"desired":[201,206],"integrity":[208],"well":[210],"future":[213],"optimal":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}