{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092662265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6699903","title":"FlexLast: An IT-centric solution for balancing the electric power grid","display_name":"FlexLast: An IT-centric solution for balancing the electric power grid","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092662265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6699903","mag":"2092662265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2013.6699903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6699903","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042219160","display_name":"Carl Binding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl Binding","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Zurich, Rueschlikon, Switzerland","[IBM Research\u2013Zurich, R\u00fceschlikon, Switzerland]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Zurich, Rueschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Research\u2013Zurich, R\u00fceschlikon, Switzerland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111455285","display_name":"Douglas D. Dykeman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Dykeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Zurich, Rueschlikon, Switzerland","[IBM Research\u2013Zurich, R\u00fceschlikon, Switzerland]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Zurich, Rueschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Research\u2013Zurich, R\u00fceschlikon, Switzerland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052687133","display_name":"Norbert Ender","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norbert Ender","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Schweiz AG, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Schweiz AG, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029381235","display_name":"Dieter Gantenbein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dieter Gantenbein","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Zurich, Rueschlikon, Switzerland","[IBM Research\u2013Zurich, R\u00fceschlikon, Switzerland]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Zurich, Rueschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Research\u2013Zurich, R\u00fceschlikon, Switzerland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103161052","display_name":"Fabian Mueller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-8885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Mueller","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Zurich, Rueschlikon, Switzerland","[IBM Research\u2013Zurich, R\u00fceschlikon, Switzerland]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Zurich, Rueschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Research\u2013Zurich, R\u00fceschlikon, Switzerland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063984503","display_name":"Wolf-Christian Rumsch","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolf-Christian Rumsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["BKW AG, Bern 25, Switzerland","BKW AG, Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BKW AG, Bern 25, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BKW AG, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042204660","display_name":"Olle Sundstroem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olle Sundstroem","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Zurich, Rueschlikon, Switzerland","[IBM Research\u2013Zurich, R\u00fceschlikon, Switzerland]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Zurich, Rueschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Research\u2013Zurich, R\u00fceschlikon, Switzerland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013167062","display_name":"Heiner Tschopp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heiner Tschopp","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Schweiz AG, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Schweiz AG, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4751","last_page":"4755"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6923340559005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.6754995584487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6488490700721741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6002480983734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.593203604221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.4858498275279999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-balance","display_name":"Power Balance","score":0.47064465284347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power","display_name":"Electric power","score":0.4628680348396301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4498884677886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.4456532299518585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4317975640296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4147331118583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.41289883852005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3179083466529846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1910003423690796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6923340559005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.6754995584487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6488490700721741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6002480983734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.593203604221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.4858498275279999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780848588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210494","display_name":"Power Balance","level":3,"score":0.47064465284347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.4628680348396301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4498884677886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.4456532299518585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4317975640296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4147331118583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.41289883852005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3179083466529846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1910003423690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2013.6699903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6699903","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.431.1825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.431.1825","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.zurich.ibm.com/pdf/csc/FlexLast_DACH_submitted.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335015","display_name":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Energie","ror":"https://ror.org/020ddnn22"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202736815","https://openalex.org/W1510340225","https://openalex.org/W1533827285","https://openalex.org/W2113783209","https://openalex.org/W2549691773","https://openalex.org/W2613193338","https://openalex.org/W6632002342","https://openalex.org/W6677154592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126131865","https://openalex.org/W2044344400","https://openalex.org/W4253186488","https://openalex.org/W1996938127","https://openalex.org/W2083611981","https://openalex.org/W2043380045","https://openalex.org/W4231814374","https://openalex.org/W2099557065","https://openalex.org/W2484410460","https://openalex.org/W2250278543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"can":[1],"energy":[2],"from":[3],"renewable":[4],"sources":[5],"be":[6],"integrated":[7],"in":[8,26],"large":[9,63],"quantities":[10],"into":[11],"the":[12,17,23,27,41,57,60,70,79,86,89,93],"power":[13,73],"supply":[14],"without":[15],"overwhelming":[16],"grid?":[18],"A":[19],"collaboration":[20],"between":[21],"BKW,":[22],"electric":[24],"utility":[25],"Canton":[28],"of":[29,59,72,88],"Bern,":[30],"IBM,":[31],"Migros,":[32],"Switzerland's":[33],"largest":[34],"retailer":[35],"and":[36,39,62,68,91],"supermarket":[37],"chain,":[38],"Swissgrid,":[40],"national":[42],"grid":[43,61],"operator":[44],"is":[45],"creating":[46],"a":[47],"unique":[48],"solution":[49],"that":[50],"applies":[51],"advanced":[52],"algorithms":[53],"to":[54,66,76,97],"data":[55],"on":[56],"state":[58],"freezer":[64],"warehouses":[65],"optimize":[67],"manage":[69],"consumption":[71],"for":[74],"cooling":[75],"help":[77],"balance":[78],"grid.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82,99],"paper":[83],"we":[84],"describe":[85],"architecture":[87],"system":[90],"examine":[92],"business":[94],"case":[95],"required":[96],"make":[98],"approach":[100],"feasible.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}