{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051887076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6699748","title":"Weld penetration control in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process","display_name":"Weld penetration control in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051887076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6699748","mag":"2051887076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2013.6699748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6699748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037196246","display_name":"YuKang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YuKang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005715004","display_name":"Yuming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4313-2498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YuMing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"91","issue":null,"first_page":"3842","last_page":"3847"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11451","display_name":"Advanced Machining and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-tungsten-arc-welding","display_name":"Gas tungsten arc welding","score":0.81065434217453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding","display_name":"Welding","score":0.807951807975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weld-pool","display_name":"Weld pool","score":0.714957594871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.6051239967346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5841507315635681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetration","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","score":0.5560733079910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.46768099069595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.45049726963043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-control","display_name":"Process control","score":0.42958033084869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc-welding","display_name":"Arc welding","score":0.38689374923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.3614134192466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3535979986190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3421373963356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33452385663986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3325127363204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.14415651559829712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11499032378196716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3450827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1627310","display_name":"Gas tungsten arc welding","level":4,"score":0.81065434217453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.807951807975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776143536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7980866","display_name":"Weld pool","level":5,"score":0.714957594871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.6051239967346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5841507315635681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.5560733079910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.46768099069595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.45049726963043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.42958033084869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20480867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422937","display_name":"Arc welding","level":3,"score":0.38689374923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3614134192466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3535979986190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3421373963356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33452385663986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3325127363204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.14415651559829712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11499032378196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2013.6699748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6699748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/028yd4c30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W575884242","https://openalex.org/W1563386584","https://openalex.org/W1608758704","https://openalex.org/W1931674665","https://openalex.org/W1978956894","https://openalex.org/W1989220609","https://openalex.org/W2016211524","https://openalex.org/W2019207321","https://openalex.org/W2035660422","https://openalex.org/W2038286972","https://openalex.org/W2039393875","https://openalex.org/W2058804598","https://openalex.org/W2065558896","https://openalex.org/W2100996838","https://openalex.org/W2110775809","https://openalex.org/W2126166932","https://openalex.org/W2133321814","https://openalex.org/W2134673975","https://openalex.org/W2137217447","https://openalex.org/W2139595765","https://openalex.org/W2143563965","https://openalex.org/W2151766058","https://openalex.org/W2154458139","https://openalex.org/W2156736214","https://openalex.org/W2163400723","https://openalex.org/W2171545614","https://openalex.org/W3126670658","https://openalex.org/W3146863510","https://openalex.org/W6616810747","https://openalex.org/W6633642185","https://openalex.org/W6789916712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010936370","https://openalex.org/W3143986548","https://openalex.org/W2365983847","https://openalex.org/W2363570000","https://openalex.org/W2356060030","https://openalex.org/W2469106097","https://openalex.org/W1991974486","https://openalex.org/W2176625239","https://openalex.org/W2380821494","https://openalex.org/W2288278524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"a":[3,49,82],"predictive":[4,90],"control":[5,10,91,107],"system":[6,23,108],"is":[7,24,46,75,93,99,109],"developed":[8,106],"to":[9,26,68],"the":[11,28,39,65,69,105,113],"weld":[12,29,53,115],"penetration":[13,36,66,116],"in":[14,33,111],"GTAW":[15],"process.":[16],"An":[17],"innovative":[18],"3D":[19],"vision":[20],"based":[21,89],"sensing":[22],"used":[25],"measure":[27],"pool":[30,54],"characteristic":[31,55],"parameters":[32,56],"real-time.":[34],"Weld":[35],"specified":[37],"by":[38,48,80],"back-side":[40],"bead":[41],"width":[42],"as":[43,57],"output":[44],"feedback":[45],"calculated":[47],"neuro-fuzzy":[50],"model":[51,62,88],"using":[52],"its":[58],"inputs.":[59],"Dynamic":[60],"linear":[61,87],"that":[63,104],"correlates":[64],"status":[67],"welding":[70],"inputs":[71],"(current":[72],"and":[73,77,95],"speed)":[74],"constructed":[76],"further":[78],"improved":[79],"incorporating":[81],"nonlinear":[83],"operating":[84],"point.":[85],"A":[86],"algorithm":[92],"proposed":[94],"an":[96],"analytical":[97],"solution":[98],"derived.":[100],"Welding":[101],"experiments":[102],"confirm":[103],"effective":[110],"achieving":[112],"desired":[114],"state":[117],"under":[118],"different":[119],"initial":[120],"conditions.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}