{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163146542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ie69249.2026.11539034","title":"AI-Based Estimation of Multi-Depth Soil Humidity","display_name":"AI-Based Estimation of Multi-Depth Soil Humidity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163146542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ie69249.2026.11539034"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ie69249.2026.11539034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ie69249.2026.11539034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 22nd International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137640526","display_name":"Manar Larbi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149461666","display_name":"Ca' Foscari University of Venice","ror":"https://ror.org/04yzxz566","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manar Larbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ca'Foscari University of Venice,Department of Economics,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ca'Foscari University of Venice,Department of Economics,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122141344","display_name":"Virginia C. S\u00e1nchez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virginia C. S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV),Department of Computer Engineering (DISCA),Valencia,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV),Department of Computer Engineering (DISCA),Valencia,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135816921","display_name":"Sara Blanc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6439-2902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Blanc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV),Department of Computer Engineering (DISCA),Valencia,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV),Department of Computer Engineering (DISCA),Valencia,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135382689","display_name":"Carlos T. Calafate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5729-3041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos T. Calafate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV),Department of Computer Engineering (DISCA),Valencia,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV),Department of Computer Engineering (DISCA),Valencia,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6453394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.41600000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.41600000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.05790000036358833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.04859999939799309,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7098000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evapotranspiration","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","score":0.5871999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation","display_name":"Irrigation","score":0.4713999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humidity","display_name":"Humidity","score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.3366999924182892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7098000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.5871999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.4713999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.43130001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151420433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Humidity","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073845","display_name":"Irrigation scheduling","level":3,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20529654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1247456","display_name":"Topsoil","level":3,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133769200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174565","display_name":"Bracket","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158960510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Relative humidity","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983671832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026","display_name":"Soil loss","level":3,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191440113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849163","display_name":"DNS root zone","level":3,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ie69249.2026.11539034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ie69249.2026.11539034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 22nd International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334905","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111808594","https://openalex.org/W3182706339","https://openalex.org/W4224057314","https://openalex.org/W4285165453","https://openalex.org/W4285794683","https://openalex.org/W4286699102","https://openalex.org/W4311543603","https://openalex.org/W4315651589","https://openalex.org/W4383560121","https://openalex.org/W4392103129","https://openalex.org/W4400400234","https://openalex.org/W4401159543","https://openalex.org/W4402132303","https://openalex.org/W4403628921","https://openalex.org/W4408409109","https://openalex.org/W4408748495","https://openalex.org/W4409847023","https://openalex.org/W4410609268","https://openalex.org/W4410745049","https://openalex.org/W4411665539","https://openalex.org/W4412196267","https://openalex.org/W4414649947","https://openalex.org/W4415015062"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,108],"study":[1],"establishes":[2],"a":[3,14,23,61,111],"cost-efficient":[4],"AI-based":[5],"framework":[6,109],"for":[7,49,105,121],"inferring":[8],"multi-depth":[9],"soil":[10],"moisture":[11],"profiles,":[12],"addressing":[13],"critical":[15],"sensor":[16],"deployment":[17],"gap":[18],"in":[19,55],"Precision":[20],"Agriculture.":[21],"Using":[22],"multi-year":[24],"dataset":[25],"(2023-2025)":[26],"from":[27],"an":[28],"apple":[29],"orchard,":[30],"we":[31],"compared":[32],"tree-based":[33],"ensemble":[34],"models":[35,46],"(RF,":[36],"ET,":[37],"and":[38,53,66],"XGBoost)":[39],"across":[40],"six":[41],"depths":[42],"(10-60":[43],"cm).":[44],"These":[45],"were":[47],"selected":[48],"their":[50],"high":[51],"interpretability":[52],"efficiency":[54],"resourceconstrained":[56],"edge-computing":[57],"environments.":[58],"Results":[59],"identify":[60],"dual-sensor":[62],"setting":[63],"(10":[64],"cm":[65],"50":[67],"cm)":[68],"as":[69],"the":[70,75,82,95],"optimal":[71],"strategy":[72],"to":[73,86],"bracket":[74],"root":[76],"zone.":[77],"The":[78],"RF":[79],"model":[80],"was":[81],"most":[83],"robust":[84],"($R^{2}$up":[85],"0.9740).":[87],"Our":[88],"analysis":[89],"confirms":[90],"that":[91,114],"depth":[92],"continuity":[93],"is":[94],"dominant":[96],"predictor,":[97],"while":[98],"meteorological":[99],"variables":[100],"provide":[101],"vital":[102],"compensatory":[103],"signals":[104],"non-adjacent":[106],"layers.":[107],"offers":[110],"scalable":[112],"solution":[113],"reduces":[115],"hardware":[116],"burdens":[117],"without":[118],"sacrificing":[119],"accuracy":[120],"irrigation":[122],"management.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-06-03T00:00:00"}