{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128605234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves65691.2025.11376398","title":"A Fully Interpretable Statistical Approach for Roadside LiDAR Background Subtraction","display_name":"A Fully Interpretable Statistical Approach for Roadside LiDAR Background Subtraction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128605234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves65691.2025.11376398"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icves65691.2025.11376398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves65691.2025.11376398","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.22390","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121869210","display_name":"Aitor Iglesias","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092551","display_name":"Vicomtech","ror":"https://ror.org/0023sah13","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092551"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aitor Iglesias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA),Fundaci&#x00F3;n Vicomtech,Donostia-San Sebasti&#x00E1;n,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA),Fundaci&#x00F3;n Vicomtech,Donostia-San Sebasti&#x00E1;n,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092551"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029149022","display_name":"Nerea Aranjuelo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-6708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092551","display_name":"Vicomtech","ror":"https://ror.org/0023sah13","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092551"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nerea Aranjuelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA),Fundaci&#x00F3;n Vicomtech,Donostia-San Sebasti&#x00E1;n,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA),Fundaci&#x00F3;n Vicomtech,Donostia-San Sebasti&#x00E1;n,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092551"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125653705","display_name":"Patricia Javierre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115365","display_name":"Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/02afbgp72","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115365"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Javierre","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAFSignalling,Amorebieta,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAFSignalling,Amorebieta,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125640723","display_name":"Ainhoa Menendez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115365","display_name":"Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/02afbgp72","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115365"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ainhoa Menendez","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAFSignalling,Amorebieta,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAFSignalling,Amorebieta,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021284069","display_name":"Ignacio Arganda\u2010Carreras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0229-5722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignacio Arganda-Carreras","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU),Donostia - San Sebasti&#x00E1;n,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU),Donostia - San Sebasti&#x00E1;n,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121860273","display_name":"Marcos Nieto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092551","display_name":"Vicomtech","ror":"https://ror.org/0023sah13","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092551"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcos Nieto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA),Fundaci&#x00F3;n Vicomtech,Donostia-San Sebasti&#x00E1;n,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA),Fundaci&#x00F3;n Vicomtech,Donostia-San Sebasti&#x00E1;n,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092551"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121869210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092551"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74840358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"34","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.2964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.2964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.25380000472068787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.12520000338554382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8445000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.7775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5087000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4851999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.3856000006198883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8445000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.7775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5383999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5087000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4851999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4505000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118317068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2100760","display_name":"Point distribution model","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68060419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40754","display_name":"Subtraction","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166550679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263400","display_name":"Gaussian network model","level":3,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icves65691.2025.11376398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves65691.2025.11376398","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.22390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22390","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.22390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.22390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22390","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.22390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6403735280036926}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048294994","https://openalex.org/W2947240406","https://openalex.org/W2987536315","https://openalex.org/W2989599882","https://openalex.org/W3047375952","https://openalex.org/W3092605810","https://openalex.org/W3193192644","https://openalex.org/W3213318810","https://openalex.org/W4210252836","https://openalex.org/W4221161046","https://openalex.org/W4281479006","https://openalex.org/W4286285625","https://openalex.org/W4293211776","https://openalex.org/W4312309370","https://openalex.org/W4312939270","https://openalex.org/W4385938227","https://openalex.org/W4402727875","https://openalex.org/W4408061883"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,28,45],"fully":[3],"interpretable":[4],"and":[5,44,69,74,92],"flexible":[6],"statistical":[7],"method":[8,61],"for":[9],"background":[10,40,97],"subtraction":[11],"in":[12,21,90],"roadside":[13],"LiDAR":[14,54,64],"data,":[15],"aimed":[16],"at":[17],"enhancing":[18],"infrastructure-based":[19],"perception":[20],"automated":[22],"driving.":[23],"Our":[24],"approach":[25],"introduces":[26],"both":[27],"Gaussian":[29],"distribution":[30],"grid":[31],"(GDG),":[32],"which":[33],"models":[34],"the":[35,39,81],"spatial":[36],"statistics":[37],"of":[38],"using":[41],"background-only":[42],"scans,":[43],"filtering":[46],"algorithm":[47],"that":[48],"uses":[49],"this":[50],"representation":[51],"to":[52,76],"classify":[53],"points":[55],"as":[56],"foreground":[57],"or":[58],"background.":[59],"The":[60],"supports":[62],"diverse":[63],"types,":[65],"including":[66],"multiline":[67],"360\u00b0":[68],"micro-electromechanical":[70],"systems":[71],"(MEMS)":[72],"sensors,":[73],"adapts":[75],"various":[77],"configurations.":[78],"Evaluated":[79],"on":[80,105],"publicly":[82],"available":[83],"RCooper":[84],"dataset,":[85],"it":[86],"outperforms":[87],"state-of-the-art":[88],"techniques":[89],"accuracy":[91],"flexibility,":[93],"even":[94],"with":[95],"minimal":[96],"data.":[98],"Its":[99],"efficient":[100],"implementation":[101],"ensures":[102],"reliable":[103],"performance":[104],"low-resource":[106],"hardware,":[107],"enabling":[108],"scalable":[109],"real-world":[110],"deployment.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-23T20:09:44.859080","created_date":"2026-02-12T00:00:00"}
