{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313417998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves56941.2022.9986886","title":"Protection of Vulnerable Road Users using Hybrid Vehicular Networks","display_name":"Protection of Vulnerable Road Users using Hybrid Vehicular Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313417998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves56941.2022.9986886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icves56941.2022.9986886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves56941.2022.9986886","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.14059","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017603627","display_name":"Oscar Amador","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0887-5226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Amador Molina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Halmstad University,Halmstad,Sweden","Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Halmstad University,Halmstad,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078882595","display_name":"Erik Ronelov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111368775","display_name":"ASTER","ror":"https://ror.org/0504r6d12","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111368775"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Ronelov","raw_affiliation_strings":["AstaZero AB,Gothenburg,Sweden","AstaZero AB, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AstaZero AB,Gothenburg,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111368775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AstaZero AB, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014386344","display_name":"K. Boustedt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2053-7166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111368775","display_name":"ASTER","ror":"https://ror.org/0504r6d12","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111368775"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katarina Boustedt","raw_affiliation_strings":["AstaZero AB,Gothenburg,Sweden","AstaZero AB, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AstaZero AB,Gothenburg,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111368775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AstaZero AB, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050213353","display_name":"Jesper Blidkvist","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111368775","display_name":"ASTER","ror":"https://ror.org/0504r6d12","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111368775"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesper Blidkvist","raw_affiliation_strings":["AstaZero AB,Gothenburg,Sweden","AstaZero AB, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AstaZero AB,Gothenburg,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111368775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AstaZero AB, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003670494","display_name":"Alexey Vinel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-4134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexey Vinel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017603627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.554,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65014739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mqtt","display_name":"MQTT","score":0.7010579109191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6180557608604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.47127220034599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.42338281869888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.41838058829307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.3985369801521301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.37248602509498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3355158269405365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2820416986942291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.21925634145736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.14647385478019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10248070955276489}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132868160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10322548","display_name":"MQTT","level":3,"score":0.7010579109191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6180557608604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.47127220034599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.42338281869888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.41838058829307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.3985369801521301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37248602509498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3355158269405365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2820416986942291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.21925634145736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.14647385478019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10248070955276489}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icves56941.2022.9986886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves56941.2022.9986886","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2312.14059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.14059","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.14059","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:hh-49116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-49116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401463","display_name":"Hogskolan Ihalmstad (Halmstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I746986","host_organization_name":"Halmstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2312.14059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.14059","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.14059","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4347526967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-05899","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","funder_display_name":"VINNOVA"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6564668452","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-02945","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307330","funder_display_name":"Knowledge Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7994075896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FE.5167.0007.0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320876","funder_display_name":"Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307330","display_name":"Knowledge Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00v64cg28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320876","display_name":"Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/0281dp749"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330333","display_name":"H\u00f6gskolan i Halmstad","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313417998.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567154898","https://openalex.org/W2598374301","https://openalex.org/W2768410150","https://openalex.org/W2965527849","https://openalex.org/W2988427533","https://openalex.org/W3012427447","https://openalex.org/W3042924097","https://openalex.org/W3132211192","https://openalex.org/W3176028460","https://openalex.org/W3208388495","https://openalex.org/W4206903180","https://openalex.org/W4235103375","https://openalex.org/W4253892755","https://openalex.org/W4386946541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3188283133","https://openalex.org/W2967645615","https://openalex.org/W4296174532","https://openalex.org/W4379616043","https://openalex.org/W3096163214","https://openalex.org/W3201170624","https://openalex.org/W2769489861","https://openalex.org/W4388501054","https://openalex.org/W2802923594","https://openalex.org/W3172228157"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,49,113],"use":[1,50],"of":[2,26,29,51,73,80,92,142,146],"reactive":[3],"detection":[4,72],"technologies":[5,54],"such":[6,60],"as":[7,61],"passive":[8],"and":[9,18,32,64,102,109,121],"active":[10],"sensors":[11],"for":[12,69,151],"avoiding":[13],"car":[14],"accidents":[15],"involving":[16],"pedestrians":[17],"other":[19],"Vulnerable":[20],"Road":[21],"Users":[22],"(VRU)":[23],"is":[24,137],"one":[25],"the":[27,70,78,90,135,143,152],"cornerstones":[28],"Cooperative,":[30],"Connected,":[31],"Automated":[33],"Mobility":[34],"(CCAM).":[35],"However,":[36],"CCAM":[37],"systems":[38],"are":[39,56,67],"not":[40],"yet":[41],"present":[42],"in":[43,58,117,122,149],"all":[44,47],"roads":[45],"at":[46],"times.":[48],"currently":[52],"available":[53],"that":[55,83],"embedded":[57],"smartphones,":[59],"location":[62],"services":[63],"Internet":[65],"access,":[66],"enablers":[68],"early":[71],"VRUs.":[74],"This":[75],"paper":[76],"presents":[77],"proof-of-concept":[79],"a":[81,123,147],"system":[82,114,136],"provides":[84],"vehicles":[85],"with":[86],"enough":[87,139],"information":[88],"about":[89],"presence":[91],"VRUs":[93],"by":[94],"using":[95],"public":[96],"cellular":[97],"networks,":[98],"an":[99,110,118],"MQTT":[100],"broker,":[101],"IEEE":[103],"802.11p-enabled":[104],"hardware":[105],"(a":[106],"roadside":[107],"unit":[108],"on-board":[111],"unit).":[112],"was":[115,129],"tested":[116],"urban":[119],"environment":[120],"test":[124],"track,":[125],"where":[126],"its":[127],"feasibility":[128],"evaluated.":[130],"Results":[131],"were":[132],"satisfactory,":[133],"proving":[134],"reliable":[138],"to":[140,154],"alert":[141],"sudden":[144],"appearance":[145],"VRU":[148],"time":[150],"driver":[153],"react.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T15:07:20.185449","created_date":"2023-01-06T00:00:00"}