{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2292735268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves.2015.7396901","title":"Towards an automatic parking system using bio-inspired 1-D optical flow sensors","display_name":"Towards an automatic parking system using bio-inspired 1-D optical flow sensors","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2292735268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves.2015.7396901","mag":"2292735268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icves.2015.7396901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves.2015.7396901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012855277","display_name":"Stefano Mafrica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3896-744X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I268709337","display_name":"PSA Peugeot Citro\u00ebn (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04zgvy449","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I268709337"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086194","display_name":"Institut des Sciences Mol\u00e9culaires","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8jkk54","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210086194","https://openalex.org/I4210128300","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Mafrica","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France","PSA Peugeot Citro\u00ebn, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210086194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PSA Peugeot Citro\u00ebn, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I268709337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036482543","display_name":"Alain Servel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I268709337","display_name":"PSA Peugeot Citro\u00ebn (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04zgvy449","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I268709337"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alain Servel","raw_affiliation_strings":["PSA Peugeot Citro\u00ebn, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PSA Peugeot Citro\u00ebn, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I268709337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086150456","display_name":"Franck Ruffier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7854-1275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086194","display_name":"Institut des Sciences Mol\u00e9culaires","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8jkk54","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210086194","https://openalex.org/I4210128300","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franck Ruffier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210086194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7744,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.785828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9729999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7012768983840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.6979928016662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6838089227676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5473745465278625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.5369851589202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5356264710426331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4876910448074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46537062525749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4491816759109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.443037211894989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.41528505086898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3846703767776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10337656736373901}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7012768983840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.6979928016662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6838089227676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5473745465278625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.5369851589202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5356264710426331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4876910448074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46537062525749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4491816759109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.443037211894989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41528505086898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3846703767776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10337656736373901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icves.2015.7396901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves.2015.7396901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W299526798","https://openalex.org/W585264499","https://openalex.org/W1553616171","https://openalex.org/W1579784870","https://openalex.org/W1980359755","https://openalex.org/W2011212189","https://openalex.org/W2014721795","https://openalex.org/W2055207897","https://openalex.org/W2071438510","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2093230160","https://openalex.org/W2104067080","https://openalex.org/W2112365909","https://openalex.org/W2113720629","https://openalex.org/W2114738290","https://openalex.org/W2121929431","https://openalex.org/W2127391626","https://openalex.org/W2158525823","https://openalex.org/W2294644361","https://openalex.org/W4206184909","https://openalex.org/W4250657332","https://openalex.org/W4293682399","https://openalex.org/W6677111267","https://openalex.org/W6679089111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251298892","https://openalex.org/W2356013541","https://openalex.org/W2385444679","https://openalex.org/W3133868776","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W2084086966","https://openalex.org/W2360644005","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W2350667299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"several":[1],"(semi-)":[2],"automatic":[3,77,248],"parking":[4,78,95,149,249],"systems":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"presented":[8],"throughout":[9],"the":[10,25,28,40,105,110,163,167,170,184,195,201,213,219],"years":[11],"[1]-[12],":[12],"car":[13],"manufacturers":[14],"are":[15],"still":[16],"looking":[17],"for":[18,245],"low-cost":[19],"sensors":[20,232],"providing":[21],"redundant":[22],"information":[23],"about":[24,222],"obstacles":[26],"around":[27,104],"vehicle,":[29],"as":[30,32,107,109],"well":[31,108],"efficient":[33],"methods":[34],"of":[35,42,48,62,90,122,172,183],"processing":[36,124],"this":[37,81,134],"information,":[38],"in":[39,97,131,144,166,169,204],"hope":[41],"achieving":[43],"a":[44,63,85,94,145,173,191,241],"very":[45],"high":[46],"level":[47],"robustness.":[49],"We":[50],"therefore":[51,239],"investigated":[52],"how":[53],"Local":[54],"Motion":[55],"Sensors":[56],"(LMSs)":[57],"[13],":[58],"[14],":[59],"comprising":[60],"only":[61],"few":[64],"pixels":[65],"giving":[66,156],"1-D":[67,101],"optical":[68],"flow":[69],"(OF)":[70],"measurements":[71,103],"could":[72],"be":[73,128],"used":[74,119],"to":[75,190],"improve":[76],"maneuvers.":[79],"For":[80],"purpose,":[82],"we":[83,137],"developed":[84],"low":[86],"computational-":[87],"cost":[88],"method":[89],"detecting":[91],"and":[92,114,199,233,235],"tracking":[93],"spot":[96],"real":[98,205],"time":[99],"using":[100,152],"OF":[102],"vehicle":[106,174,197],"vehicle's":[111],"longitudinal":[112],"velocity":[113],"steering":[115],"angle.":[116],"The":[117,181,207],"algorithm":[118,168],"was":[120,221],"composed":[121],"5":[123],"steps,":[125],"which":[126],"will":[127,138],"described":[129],"here":[130],"detail.":[132],"In":[133],"initial":[135],"report,":[136],"first":[139,164],"present":[140],"some":[141,157],"results":[142,160,182,210],"obtained":[143,161,217,228],"highly":[146],"simplified":[147],"2-D":[148],"simulation":[150,186],"performed":[151],"Matlab/Simulink":[153],"software,":[154],"before":[155],"preliminary":[158,208],"experimental":[159,209],"with":[162,176,218,229],"step":[165],"case":[171],"equipped":[175],"two":[177],"6-":[178],"pixel":[179],"LMSs.":[180],"closed-loop":[185],"show":[187,211],"that":[188,212,227,236],"up":[189],"certain":[192],"noise":[193],"level,":[194],"simulated":[196],"detected":[198],"tracked":[200],"parking-spot":[202],"assessment":[203],"time.":[206],"average":[214],"refresh":[215],"frequency":[216],"LMSs":[220,238],"2-3":[223],"times":[224],"higher":[225],"than":[226],"standard":[230],"ultrasonic":[231],"cameras,":[234],"these":[237],"constitute":[240],"promising":[242],"alternative":[243],"basis":[244],"designing":[246],"new":[247],"systems.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
