{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984534875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves.2012.6294298","title":"The effect of Time-of-Flight camera integration time on vehicle driver head pose tracking accuracy","display_name":"The effect of Time-of-Flight camera integration time on vehicle driver head pose tracking accuracy","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984534875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves.2012.6294298","mag":"1984534875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icves.2012.6294298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves.2012.6294298","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES 2012)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067092108","display_name":"Nima Ziraknejad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nima Ziraknejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of the Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","Department of the Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z4"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of the Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of the Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109983941","display_name":"Peter D. Lawrence","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter D. Lawrence","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of the Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","Department of the Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z4"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of the Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of the Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085474276","display_name":"D.P. Romilly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas P. Romilly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of the Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","Department of the Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z4"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of the Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of the Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067092108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92772745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":null,"first_page":"247","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torso","display_name":"Torso","score":0.71497642993927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6599012613296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.6299333572387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6288918256759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distraction","display_name":"Distraction","score":0.5885013937950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5493372678756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.5237740874290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.4924798905849457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-up-display","display_name":"Head-up display","score":0.43930521607398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4351932406425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.41596537828445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.41135331988334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3432084321975708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523889960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160695","display_name":"Torso","level":2,"score":0.71497642993927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6599012613296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.6299333572387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6288918256759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.5885013937950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5493372678756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.5237740874290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4924798905849457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67439701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q518461","display_name":"Head-up display","level":2,"score":0.43930521607398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4351932406425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.41596537828445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41135331988334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3432084321975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icves.2012.6294298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icves.2012.6294298","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES 2012)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501515607","https://openalex.org/W1560591317","https://openalex.org/W1883517952","https://openalex.org/W1968311941","https://openalex.org/W2013905810","https://openalex.org/W2049981393","https://openalex.org/W2054091303","https://openalex.org/W2111160349","https://openalex.org/W2119241320","https://openalex.org/W2133816434","https://openalex.org/W2134738818","https://openalex.org/W2139946109","https://openalex.org/W2141622747","https://openalex.org/W2142578527","https://openalex.org/W2142727917","https://openalex.org/W2147774191","https://openalex.org/W2149382413","https://openalex.org/W2150368438","https://openalex.org/W2151226872","https://openalex.org/W2152621471","https://openalex.org/W2152772899","https://openalex.org/W2153379452","https://openalex.org/W2159272736","https://openalex.org/W2166880842","https://openalex.org/W2167860114","https://openalex.org/W2169532592","https://openalex.org/W2171867750","https://openalex.org/W2237125440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381953457","https://openalex.org/W2037557144","https://openalex.org/W2285739514","https://openalex.org/W2058088690","https://openalex.org/W2086597735","https://openalex.org/W2052143774","https://openalex.org/W2901013762","https://openalex.org/W2754248690","https://openalex.org/W2206387206","https://openalex.org/W4298859356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicle":[0],"active":[1],"safety":[2],"and":[3,21,47,50,75,83,91,105],"driver":[4,25,45,51],"assistance":[5],"systems":[6],"could":[7],"derive":[8],"substantial":[9],"benefit":[10],"from":[11],"advanced":[12],"sensory":[13],"devices":[14],"providing":[15],"quantitative":[16],"information":[17,35],"about":[18],"the":[19,24,27,71,78,87],"position":[20,74],"orientation":[22,76],"of":[23,33,70,80,86],"including":[26],"driver's":[28,72,88],"head.":[29,92],"Several":[30],"important":[31],"applications":[32],"this":[34],"are":[36],"Active":[37],"Head":[38],"Restraint":[39],"Systems":[40],"(AHRS)":[41],"for":[42,96],"whiplash":[43],"mitigation,":[44],"awareness":[46],"fatigue":[48],"detection,":[49],"distraction":[52],"detection.":[53],"This":[54],"paper":[55],"examines":[56],"how":[57],"a":[58],"Time-of-Flight":[59],"(ToF)":[60],"camera":[61],"can":[62],"be":[63],"used":[64],"to":[65],"obtain":[66],"an":[67],"accurate":[68],"measurement":[69],"head":[73],"through":[77],"analysis":[79],"real-time":[81],"depth":[82],"intensity":[84,100],"images":[85],"upper":[89],"torso":[90],"A":[93],"novel":[94],"technique":[95],"using":[97],"local":[98],"image":[99],"compensation":[101],"has":[102],"been":[103],"proposed":[104],"experimentally":[106],"evaluated.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}