{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037418458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icuwb.2015.7324444","title":"Energy Efficient Quadrature Spatial Modulation MIMO Cognitive Radio Systems with Imperfect Channel Estimation","display_name":"Energy Efficient Quadrature Spatial Modulation MIMO Cognitive Radio Systems with Imperfect Channel Estimation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037418458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icuwb.2015.7324444","mag":"2037418458"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icuwb.2015.7324444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icuwb.2015.7324444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband (ICUWB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071889415","display_name":"Ali Afana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5253-2429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Afana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Lakehead Univ., Lakehead, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Lakehead Univ., Lakehead, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070230706","display_name":"Ibrahem E. Atawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6816-0885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahem Atawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Lakehead Univ., Lakehead, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Lakehead Univ., Lakehead, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088692076","display_name":"Salama Ikki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-4447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salama Ikki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Lakehead Univ., Lakehead, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Lakehead Univ., Lakehead, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066322563","display_name":"Raed Mesleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-2816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raed Mesleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Lakehead Univ., Lakehead, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Lakehead Univ., Lakehead, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.672339677810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.5888381004333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.5818234086036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-error-probability","display_name":"Pairwise error probability","score":0.5560413002967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5267990231513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5214523673057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.49703481793403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation-diagram","display_name":"Constellation diagram","score":0.49464794993400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4895070791244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-modulation","display_name":"Spatial modulation","score":0.4279037117958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42409494519233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.42053499817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3678877353668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3197259306907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27595269680023193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.26149702072143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.2582584023475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1609574854373932}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.672339677810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.5888381004333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5818234086036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780839233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000284","display_name":"Pairwise error probability","level":4,"score":0.5560413002967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5267990231513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5214523673057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.49703481793403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185837786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782940","display_name":"Constellation diagram","level":4,"score":0.49464794993400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4895070791244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019745063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107304836","display_name":"Spatial modulation","level":4,"score":0.4279037117958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42409494519233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.42053499817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3678877353668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3197259306907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27595269680023193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.26149702072143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.2582584023475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1609574854373932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icuwb.2015.7324444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icuwb.2015.7324444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband (ICUWB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W598996319","https://openalex.org/W604181985","https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1968049174","https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W2034084319","https://openalex.org/W2038325324","https://openalex.org/W2064864264","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2077768968","https://openalex.org/W2140690841","https://openalex.org/W2147584524","https://openalex.org/W2163504740","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W4245808720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370409207","https://openalex.org/W2907547113","https://openalex.org/W2033193862","https://openalex.org/W2791811429","https://openalex.org/W2491852469","https://openalex.org/W2793630221","https://openalex.org/W3034152833","https://openalex.org/W4311461102","https://openalex.org/W3175529403","https://openalex.org/W2893616911"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quadrature":[0],"spatial":[1,23,28],"modulation":[2,29],"(QSM)":[3],"in":[4,55,77,143],"cognitive":[5],"radio":[6],"(CR)":[7],"is":[8,32,101,127],"a":[9,107,123],"new":[10],"spectral":[11,58],"and":[12,38,85,103,129,149],"energy":[13],"efficient":[14],"multiple-input":[15],"multiple-output":[16],"(MIMO)":[17],"transmission":[18],"paradigm.":[19],"In":[20,67,121],"QSM,":[21],"the":[22,42,56,72,78,92,112,135,139,145],"constellation":[24],"diagram":[25],"of":[26,41,63,74,80,98,111,141],"conventional":[27],"(SM)":[30],"system":[31,100],"extended":[33],"to":[34,105,152],"include":[35],"both":[36],"in-phase":[37],"quadrature":[39],"components":[40],"data":[43],"symbol.":[44],"As":[45],"such,":[46],"QSM":[47,142],"combined":[48],"with":[49,154],"CR":[50,99],"techniques":[51],"achieve":[52],"significant":[53],"improvement":[54],"overall":[57,146],"efficiency":[59],"while":[60],"inherent":[61],"advantages":[62],"SM":[64],"are":[65],"retained.":[66],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70],"study":[71],"performance":[73,148],"QSM-MIMO-CR":[75],"systems":[76],"presence":[79],"channel":[81],"estimation":[82],"errors":[83],"(CEEs)":[84],"limited":[86],"feedback.":[87],"A":[88],"closed-form":[89],"expression":[90,126],"for":[91],"average":[93,113],"pairwise":[94],"error":[95,115],"probability":[96],"(PEP)":[97],"derived":[102,128],"used":[104],"calculate":[106],"tight":[108],"upper":[109],"bound":[110],"bit":[114],"rate":[116],"(ABER)":[117],"over":[118],"Rayleigh":[119],"fading.":[120],"addition,":[122],"simple":[124],"asymptotic":[125],"analyzed.":[130],"Simulation":[131],"results,":[132],"which":[133],"corroborate":[134],"numerical":[136],"ones,":[137],"show":[138],"importance":[140],"improving":[144],"secondary":[147],"its":[150],"robustness":[151],"CEEs":[153],"reduced":[155],"signal":[156],"power.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
