{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2242139584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icumt.2015.7382452","title":"Automatic exudates detection in fundus image using intensity thresholding and morphology","display_name":"Automatic exudates detection in fundus image using intensity thresholding and morphology","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2242139584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icumt.2015.7382452","mag":"2242139584"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icumt.2015.7382452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icumt.2015.7382452","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 7th International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (ICUMT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101551960","display_name":"Anushikha Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3560-4050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191972202","display_name":"Amity University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n9z0v62","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anushikha Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University, Noida, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University, Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076978515","display_name":"Namita Sengar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191972202","display_name":"Amity University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n9z0v62","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namita Sengar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University, Noida, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University, Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038343229","display_name":"Malay Kishore Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2462-737X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malay Kishore Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061350050","display_name":"Kamil \u0158\u00edha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-5215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamil Riha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiri Minar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiri Minar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101551960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87137491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"330","last_page":"334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.8437635898590088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.7187908887863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7076565027236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.7029482126235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6432815790176392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blindness","display_name":"Blindness","score":0.5876845121383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5491750240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.5463384985923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4745814800262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4435858428478241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.44313040375709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.36315178871154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.25125136971473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2158772349357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.18632051348686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.1557227075099945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.8437635898590088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.7187908887863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7076565027236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.7029482126235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6432815790176392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780929884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Blindness","level":2,"score":0.5876845121383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5491750240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.5463384985923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4745814800262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4435858428478241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.44313040375709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36315178871154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.25125136971473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2158772349357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.18632051348686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.1557227075099945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icumt.2015.7382452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icumt.2015.7382452","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 7th International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (ICUMT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","ror":"https://ror.org/0101xrq71"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561442812","https://openalex.org/W1992728454","https://openalex.org/W1997453748","https://openalex.org/W2010099973","https://openalex.org/W2026049502","https://openalex.org/W2027714362","https://openalex.org/W2105172918","https://openalex.org/W2107871626","https://openalex.org/W2117637009","https://openalex.org/W2147432771","https://openalex.org/W2157682860","https://openalex.org/W2162698990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980571360","https://openalex.org/W4237698013","https://openalex.org/W4249730947","https://openalex.org/W186124986","https://openalex.org/W2401657978","https://openalex.org/W4220767796","https://openalex.org/W2042797887","https://openalex.org/W3046286921","https://openalex.org/W2429379476","https://openalex.org/W4361800274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"retinopathy":[1],"(DR)":[2],"is":[3,33],"a":[4],"leading":[5],"cause":[6],"of":[7,15,21,28,40,47,73,94,123],"blindness":[8],"in":[9,30,37,107],"diabetic":[10,22],"patients.":[11],"Exudates":[12],"are":[13,59],"one":[14],"the":[16,43,80,92,101,112],"most":[17],"common":[18],"earliest":[19],"signs":[20],"retinopathy.":[23],"Automatic":[24],"and":[25,56,86,115],"accurate":[26],"detection":[27,46,93,109],"exudates":[29,66,95,108],"fundus":[31],"images":[32],"an":[34],"important":[35],"step":[36],"early":[38],"diagnosis":[39],"DR.":[41,124],"In":[42],"proposed":[44,102],"method":[45,103],"exudates,":[48],"two":[49],"independent":[50],"approaches":[51],"based":[52],"on":[53],"intensity":[54],"thresholding":[55],"morphological":[57],"processing":[58],"strategically":[60],"combined":[61],"to":[62],"detect":[63],"any":[64],"small":[65],"present":[67],"while":[68],"removing":[69],"all":[70],"possible":[71],"types":[72],"false":[74],"positives.":[75],"This":[76],"strategic":[77],"combination":[78],"removes":[79],"noise":[81],"sources":[82],"from":[83],"blood":[84],"vessels":[85],"reflections":[87],"during":[88],"image":[89],"capture":[90],"making":[91],"accurate.":[96],"Experimental":[97],"results":[98],"indicate":[99],"that":[100],"has":[104],"good":[105],"accuracy":[106],"without":[110],"compromising":[111],"computational":[113],"time":[114],"hence":[116],"can":[117],"be":[118],"considered":[119],"for":[120],"screening":[121],"purpose":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}