{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2514403414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icufn.2016.7537071","title":"Turbo equalization for covert communication in underwater channel","display_name":"Turbo equalization for covert communication in underwater channel","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2514403414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icufn.2016.7537071","mag":"2514403414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icufn.2016.7537071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icufn.2016.7537071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Eighth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112562705","display_name":"Tae-Seok Ahn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tae-Seok Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["dept. Radio Communication Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"dept. Radio Communication Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100506991","display_name":"Ji-Won Jung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji-Won Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["dept. Radio Communication Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"dept. Radio Communication Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072879541","display_name":"Ha-Hyun Sung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ha-Hyun Sung","raw_affiliation_strings":["dept. Radio Communication Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"dept. Radio Communication Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405086","display_name":"Dongwon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-7629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143937","display_name":"Hanwha Solutions (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmq6f22","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143937","https://openalex.org/I4403386467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Won Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanwha Corporation, Gumi, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanwha Corporation, Gumi, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031690001","display_name":"Tae-Doo Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143937","display_name":"Hanwha Solutions (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmq6f22","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143937","https://openalex.org/I4403386467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tae-Doo Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanwha Corporation, Gumi, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanwha Corporation, Gumi, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112562705"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7363,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74425252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"462","last_page":"464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7323485016822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.6969548463821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.6494036316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.5787897706031799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5723183155059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5029997229576111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo","display_name":"Turbo","score":0.4964459538459778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.489714652299881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.48562517762184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo-code","display_name":"Turbo code","score":0.4635111391544342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo-equalizer","display_name":"Turbo equalizer","score":0.45172637701034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.4430704116821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40578535199165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3240332007408142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.29899924993515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2892773747444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.25470390915870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15290474891662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.11623695492744446}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7323485016822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.6969548463821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.6494036316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.5787897706031799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5723183155059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5029997229576111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776240298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138513","display_name":"Turbo","level":2,"score":0.4964459538459778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.489714652299881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.48562517762184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114504821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164281","display_name":"Turbo code","level":3,"score":0.4635111391544342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12232224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7853840","display_name":"Turbo equalizer","level":5,"score":0.45172637701034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.4430704116821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40578535199165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3240332007408142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.29899924993515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2892773747444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.25470390915870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15290474891662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.11623695492744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46462455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5395712","display_name":"Error floor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icufn.2016.7537071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icufn.2016.7537071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Eighth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562979145","https://openalex.org/W1895942060","https://openalex.org/W1990144397","https://openalex.org/W2045407304","https://openalex.org/W2105652231","https://openalex.org/W2114881338","https://openalex.org/W2151778434","https://openalex.org/W2548352364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2363507870","https://openalex.org/W2161351338","https://openalex.org/W4287740435","https://openalex.org/W2103764150","https://openalex.org/W2116478666","https://openalex.org/W2147600706","https://openalex.org/W2593195270","https://openalex.org/W2497042610","https://openalex.org/W2535923291","https://openalex.org/W2010424581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"design":[1],"of":[2,14,25,33,66],"optimal":[3],"covert":[4],"underwater":[5],"acoustic":[6],"communication":[7,18],"systems":[8],"is":[9],"required":[10],"from":[11],"an":[12],"analysis":[13],"the":[15,22,31,64],"impact":[16],"on":[17,50],"performance":[19,57,65,71],"by":[20,73],"applying":[21],"low":[23,59],"probability":[24,32],"interception":[26],"(LPI)":[27],"techniques":[28],"for":[29],"reducing":[30],"intercept":[34],"information":[35],"transmitted.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40],"propose":[41],"a":[42,46],"transceiver":[43],"model":[44],"using":[45],"spread":[47],"spectrum":[48],"based":[49],"turbo":[51],"equalization":[52],"in":[53,58],"order":[54],"to":[55],"improve":[56],"SNR(signal-to-noise":[60],"ratio).":[61],"We":[62],"analyzed":[63],"proposed":[67],"method":[68],"and":[69,75],"confirmed":[70],"enhancement":[72],"simulation":[74],"lake":[76],"experiments.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}