{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413557472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton67126.2025.11125422","title":"Open-Source 5G Digital Twin: Virtualizing Core and RAN for Network Replication","display_name":"Open-Source 5G Digital Twin: Virtualizing Core and RAN for Network Replication","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413557472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton67126.2025.11125422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton67126.2025.11125422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton67126.2025.11125422","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 25th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/d11d2a38-1714-4459-8c0f-ec5dac6557ef/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028592258","display_name":"C. S.","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2657-7153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristhian J. Rodrigues D.S","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya,Dept. Signal Theory and Communications,Barcelona,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya,Dept. Signal Theory and Communications,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119419999","display_name":"Izan Mateos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izan Mateos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya,Dept. Signal Theory and Communications,Barcelona,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya,Dept. Signal Theory and Communications,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037118176","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 A. L\u00e1zaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5592-8434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose A. Lazaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya,Dept. Signal Theory and Communications,Barcelona,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya,Dept. Signal Theory and Communications,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Joan Anguera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan Anguera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya,Dept. Signal Theory and Communications,Barcelona,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya,Dept. Signal Theory and Communications,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006967606","display_name":"Anna Umbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-5212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Umbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya,Dept. Signal Theory and Communications,Barcelona,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya,Dept. Signal Theory and Communications,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9440000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7016681432723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","score":0.5667855739593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.5433611869812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ran","display_name":"Ran","score":0.5055367946624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5034951567649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.4888460040092468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-network","display_name":"Core network","score":0.4652467966079712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2602866291999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2548215985298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.07341808080673218}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7016681432723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5667855739593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.5433611869812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160704184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031028","display_name":"Ran","level":2,"score":0.5055367946624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5034951567649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.4888460040092468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5038329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Core network","level":2,"score":0.4652467966079712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2602866291999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2548215985298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.07341808080673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton67126.2025.11125422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton67126.2025.11125422","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 25th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/460932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/460932","pdf_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/d11d2a38-1714-4459-8c0f-ec5dac6557ef/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference lecture"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/460932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/460932","pdf_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/d11d2a38-1714-4459-8c0f-ec5dac6557ef/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference lecture"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413557472.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413557472.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1766728438","https://openalex.org/W1668090144","https://openalex.org/W2504993638","https://openalex.org/W2083168956","https://openalex.org/W2980853820","https://openalex.org/W404373762","https://openalex.org/W2186004379","https://openalex.org/W2107427363","https://openalex.org/W2393335510","https://openalex.org/W3100679886"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,129],"presents":[2],"a":[3,70,141],"proposed":[4,65],"methodology":[5],"for":[6,60,144],"creating":[7,145],"digital":[8,37,61,108,138],"twins":[9],"of":[10,39,136],"5G":[11,15,41,49],"networks":[12,86,105],"using":[13,149],"open-source":[14,48,150],"core":[16,50,94],"and":[17,53,58,106,113,123],"Radio":[18],"Access":[19],"Network":[20],"(RAN)":[21],"implementations.":[22],"Our":[23,97],"research":[24,73],"will":[25,44,67,99,130],"demonstrate":[26],"how":[27],"virtualized":[28],"network":[29,95,137,147],"functions":[30],"can":[31],"be":[32],"deployed":[33],"to":[34,87,132],"create":[35],"accurate":[36],"replicas":[38,148],"operational":[40,119],"infrastructures.":[42],"We":[43],"evaluate":[45],"three":[46],"leading":[47],"implementations\u2014Open5GS,":[51],"free5GC,":[52],"OpenAir-Interface\u2014assessing":[54],"their":[55,107],"performance":[56],"characteristics":[57],"suitability":[59],"twin":[62],"applications.":[63],"The":[64],"architecture":[66],"specifically":[68],"replicate":[69],"distributed":[71],"multi-campus":[72],"network,":[74],"featuring":[75],"multiple":[76],"gNodeB":[77],"units":[78],"at":[79],"each":[80],"location":[81],"connected":[82],"through":[83],"IP":[84],"transport":[85],"Compact":[88],"Mobility":[89],"Units":[90],"(CMUs)":[91],"that":[92],"bundle":[93],"functions.":[96],"implementation":[98,124],"enable":[100],"bi-directional":[101],"synchronization":[102],"between":[103],"physical":[104],"counterparts,":[109],"facilitating":[110],"testing,":[111],"optimization,":[112],"AI/ML":[114],"model":[115],"training":[116],"without":[117],"disrupting":[118],"environments.":[120],"Performance":[121],"benchmarks":[122],"guidelines":[125],"provided":[126],"in":[127],"this":[128],"contribute":[131],"the":[133],"growing":[134],"field":[135],"twins,":[139],"offering":[140],"cost-effective":[142],"approach":[143],"high-fidelity":[146],"tools.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}