{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413559410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton67126.2025.11125270","title":"Implementation of Programmable Multiport Interferometers with Spiral waveguides","display_name":"Implementation of Programmable Multiport Interferometers with Spiral waveguides","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413559410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton67126.2025.11125270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton67126.2025.11125270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton67126.2025.11125270","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 25th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009332835","display_name":"Seokjin Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1994-367X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seokjin Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002304490","display_name":"Berkay Ne\u015feli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6580-653X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berkay Neseli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101933848","display_name":"Jae\u2010Yong Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Yong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088601998","display_name":"Seungsoo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-575X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungsoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102884820","display_name":"S. K. Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7607-6206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungyoon Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101895937","display_name":"Junyeop Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2132-3998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyeop Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024377785","display_name":"Hyo\u2010Hoon Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6080-0040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyo-Hoon Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048311306","display_name":"Hamza Kurt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-4205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamza Kurt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),School of Electrical Engineering,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34141","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25428796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomical-interferometer","display_name":"Astronomical interferometer","score":0.8012789487838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiral","display_name":"Spiral (railway)","score":0.662092924118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5085519552230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-optics","display_name":"Integrated optics","score":0.47860023379325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.34139591455459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3278483748435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.32521700859069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2930038571357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.09119799733161926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23576306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004698","display_name":"Astronomical interferometer","level":3,"score":0.8012789487838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174128100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846907","display_name":"Spiral (railway)","level":2,"score":0.662092924118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5085519552230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984692560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q523846","display_name":"Integrated optics","level":2,"score":0.47860023379325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.34139591455459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3278483748435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32521700859069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2930038571357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09119799733161926}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton67126.2025.11125270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton67126.2025.11125270","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 25th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1833198276","https://openalex.org/W2076476236","https://openalex.org/W2097100165","https://openalex.org/W2104206943","https://openalex.org/W2203188256","https://openalex.org/W2587786619","https://openalex.org/W2752849906","https://openalex.org/W2902718481","https://openalex.org/W2944578243","https://openalex.org/W2962730419","https://openalex.org/W3040051427","https://openalex.org/W3126304295","https://openalex.org/W4324028385","https://openalex.org/W4380628213","https://openalex.org/W4402381193","https://openalex.org/W4402744198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4233832550","https://openalex.org/W2293472009","https://openalex.org/W1993353628","https://openalex.org/W2091190485","https://openalex.org/W4236498719","https://openalex.org/W2232143424","https://openalex.org/W2956064888","https://openalex.org/W2077267049","https://openalex.org/W2058864897","https://openalex.org/W2032625781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,34],"propose":[4],"a":[5,36,82,101,105],"high-density":[6],"4\u00d74":[7],"and":[8,24,65,91],"6\u00d76":[9],"multiport":[10,96],"interferometers":[11,32],"design":[12],"utilizing":[13],"spiral":[14,18],"waveguides.":[15],"By":[16],"applying":[17],"geometries":[19],"into":[20],"both":[21,63],"the":[22,29,54,75,94],"internal":[23,64],"external":[25,66],"phase":[26,45,67],"shifters":[27],"of":[28,93,104],"constituent":[30],"Mach-Zehnder":[31],"(MZIs),":[33],"achieve":[35],"significant":[37],"reduction":[38],"in":[39],"device":[40],"footprint":[41],"while":[42],"simultaneously":[43],"enhancing":[44],"shift":[46],"efficiency.":[47],"The":[48,89],"interferometer":[49,97],"architecture":[50],"is":[51],"based":[52],"on":[53],"Reck":[55],"mesh":[56],"configuration,":[57],"with":[58,81],"comprehensive":[59],"calibration":[60],"performed":[61],"for":[62],"shifters.":[68],"All":[69],"calibrations":[70],"were":[71,98],"conducted":[72],"by":[73],"monitoring":[74],"optical":[76],"output":[77],"power":[78],"under":[79],"excitation":[80],"single":[83],"fundamental":[84],"transverse":[85],"electric":[86],"(TE)":[87],"mode.":[88],"functionality":[90],"performance":[92],"proposed":[95],"validated":[99],"through":[100],"successful":[102],"demonstration":[103],"4-bit":[106],"flip":[107],"logic":[108],"operation.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}