{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3023623189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton51198.2020.9203403","title":"Energy Efficient Neural Network Embedding in IoT over Passive Optical Networks","display_name":"Energy Efficient Neural Network Embedding in IoT over Passive Optical Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3023623189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton51198.2020.9203403","mag":"3023623189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton51198.2020.9203403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton51198.2020.9203403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 22nd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.00877","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007499920","display_name":"Mohammed M. Alenazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-5645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Moawad Alenazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, United Kingdom","School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds,United Kingdom,LS9JT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds,United Kingdom,LS9JT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037087661","display_name":"Barzan A. Yosuf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6323-8313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barzan A. Yosuf","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, United Kingdom","School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds,United Kingdom,LS9JT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds,United Kingdom,LS9JT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090289685","display_name":"Taisir E. H. El-Gorashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-1790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taisir El-Gorashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, United Kingdom","School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds,United Kingdom,LS9JT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds,United Kingdom,LS9JT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088539425","display_name":"Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3319-9103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, United Kingdom","School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds,United Kingdom,LS9JT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds,United Kingdom,LS9JT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1154,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32972072,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7785614728927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.7726526260375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6037378907203674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.5961381196975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.5332702398300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5063284635543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.49832749366760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4826539158821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4817809760570526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.46058765053749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.4416847825050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2934519648551941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2825832962989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1341598927974701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10370412468910217}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7785614728927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.7726526260375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6037378907203674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.5961381196975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.5332702398300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5063284635543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.49832749366760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4826539158821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4817809760570526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.46058765053749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.4416847825050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2934519648551941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2825832962989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1341598927974701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10370412468910217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton51198.2020.9203403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton51198.2020.9203403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 22nd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:167623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.00877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.00877","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.00877","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3023623189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.00877.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.00877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2005.00877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.25453.33768","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.2.25453.33768","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.00877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.00877","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.00877","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1301389261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S016570/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1393874848","display_name":"SwiTching And tRansmission (STAR)","funder_award_id":"EP/K016873/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2223494912","display_name":"Terabit Bidirectional Multi-user Optical Wireless System (TOWS) for 6G LiFi","funder_award_id":"EP/S016570/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2995055066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K016873/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3913854943","display_name":"INTelligent Energy awaRe NETworks (INTERNET)","funder_award_id":"EP/H040536/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6002839104","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H040536/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311226","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522799514","https://openalex.org/W1605638720","https://openalex.org/W1965147469","https://openalex.org/W2003629566","https://openalex.org/W2017414887","https://openalex.org/W2047026753","https://openalex.org/W2056698322","https://openalex.org/W2065198005","https://openalex.org/W2099692426","https://openalex.org/W2100902537","https://openalex.org/W2126993465","https://openalex.org/W2138128664","https://openalex.org/W2146482244","https://openalex.org/W2150755127","https://openalex.org/W2160335856","https://openalex.org/W2163187605","https://openalex.org/W2587852884","https://openalex.org/W2602956630","https://openalex.org/W2740283813","https://openalex.org/W2765796621","https://openalex.org/W2768175735","https://openalex.org/W2775876068","https://openalex.org/W2781788077","https://openalex.org/W2784643306","https://openalex.org/W2786786708","https://openalex.org/W2795578521","https://openalex.org/W2796365083","https://openalex.org/W2806601737","https://openalex.org/W2893480441","https://openalex.org/W2904030287","https://openalex.org/W2904953176","https://openalex.org/W2905819891","https://openalex.org/W2973445661","https://openalex.org/W2997538309","https://openalex.org/W3000128292","https://openalex.org/W3082248812","https://openalex.org/W3103211661","https://openalex.org/W6664468333","https://openalex.org/W6736178439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3088228584","https://openalex.org/W3012468284","https://openalex.org/W2758520606","https://openalex.org/W2795148745","https://openalex.org/W2903872066","https://openalex.org/W2124249584","https://openalex.org/W1560522367","https://openalex.org/W2079729454","https://openalex.org/W2919614133","https://openalex.org/W2754027349","https://openalex.org/W2416148580","https://openalex.org/W3022847368","https://openalex.org/W2061825073","https://openalex.org/W3186745796","https://openalex.org/W2949231504","https://openalex.org/W2626288388","https://openalex.org/W1547268152","https://openalex.org/W2885254875","https://openalex.org/W2476362903","https://openalex.org/W3178589190"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,44,58,83,119,124,136,165],"near":[2],"future,":[3],"IoT":[4,75,154,169],"based":[5,50,76],"application":[6,108],"services":[7],"are":[8,22,36],"anticipated":[9],"to":[10,24,42,90,117,122,147,158,164],"collect":[11],"massive":[12],"amounts":[13],"of":[14,54,85,98,128,135,168],"data":[15],"on":[16,51],"which":[17,101],"complex":[18,96],"and":[19,130,156],"diverse":[20],"tasks":[21],"expected":[23],"be":[25,103],"performed.":[26],"Machine":[27],"learning":[28],"algorithms":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31,57],"Artificial":[32],"Neural":[33],"Networks":[34],"(ANN)":[35],"increasingly":[37],"used":[38,104],"in":[39,153,160],"smart":[40,77],"environments":[41],"predict":[43],"output":[45],"for":[46,74,94],"a":[47,52,99,106],"given":[48],"problem":[49,121],"set":[53],"tuning":[55],"parameters":[56],"input.":[59],"To":[60],"this":[61],"end,":[62],"we":[63],"present":[64],"an":[65],"energy":[66],"efficient":[67],"neural":[68],"network":[69],"(EE-NN)":[70],"service":[71,92],"embedding":[72,120,150],"framework":[73,81],"homes.":[78],"The":[79,133],"developed":[80],"considers":[82],"idea":[84],"Service":[86],"Oriented":[87],"Architecture":[88],"(SOA)":[89],"provide":[91],"abstraction":[93],"multiple":[95],"modules":[97,152],"NN":[100,143],"can":[102,144],"by":[105,149],"higher":[107],"layer.":[109],"We":[110],"utilize":[111],"Mixed":[112],"Integer":[113],"Linear":[114],"Programming":[115],"(MILP)":[116],"formulate":[118],"minimize":[123],"total":[125],"power":[126],"consumption":[127],"networking":[129],"processing":[131,151],"simultaneously.":[132],"results":[134],"MILP":[137],"model":[138],"show":[139],"that":[140],"our":[141],"optimized":[142],"save":[145],"up":[146,157],"86%":[148],"devices":[155],"72%":[159],"fog":[161],"nodes":[162],"due":[163],"limited":[166],"capacity":[167],"devices.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2022-07-24T00:00:00"}