{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2973717482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840507","title":"A Photonic Beamforming Network Based on Phase Shifters for Microwave Wide-Band Applications","display_name":"A Photonic Beamforming Network Based on Phase Shifters for Microwave Wide-Band Applications","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2973717482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840507","mag":"2973717482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2019.8840507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840507","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11382/533996","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013008446","display_name":"Giovanni Serafino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1544-9399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Serafino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036040940","display_name":"Bilal Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-2202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilal Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051565648","display_name":"Claudio Porzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6877-3558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Porzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026382041","display_name":"Marco Chiesa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3533-058X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801616091","display_name":"Fondazione Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnab13","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801616091"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Chiesa","raw_affiliation_strings":["INPHOTEC Foundation, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INPHOTEC Foundation, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801616091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015625484","display_name":"V. Toccafondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-7438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veronica Toccafondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007329167","display_name":"Antonella Bogoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7943-3463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonella Bogoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040359590","display_name":"Paolo Ghelfi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-7843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Ghelfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013008446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4769,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65578171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.890436589717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.6373714208602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.5987343192100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-module","display_name":"Phase shift module","score":0.5858707427978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.5709797143936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/true-time-delay","display_name":"True time delay","score":0.5449307560920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.5317878723144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5156792402267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5117249488830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5008101463317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.49390798807144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-distortion","display_name":"Phase distortion","score":0.4928708076477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4768073260784149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.4736194312572479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.44953471422195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-transmission","display_name":"Microwave transmission","score":0.42131370306015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.334404319524765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3235541582107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3148743510246277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.28735560178756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.25556349754333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20359447598457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.08667871356010437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.890436589717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.6373714208602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.5987343192100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103864889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480524","display_name":"Phase shift module","level":3,"score":0.5858707427978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.5709797143936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779816760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365988","display_name":"True time delay","level":4,"score":0.5449307560920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5317878723144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5156792402267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5117249488830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5008101463317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.49390798807144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57747864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180948","display_name":"Phase distortion","level":3,"score":0.4928708076477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4768073260784149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.4736194312572479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.44953471422195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1705053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747066","display_name":"Microwave transmission","level":3,"score":0.42131370306015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.334404319524765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3235541582107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3148743510246277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.28735560178756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.25556349754333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20359447598457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.08667871356010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2019.8840507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840507","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.iris.sssup.it:11382/533996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11382/533996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196376","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","host_organization_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.iris.sssup.it:11382/533996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11382/533996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196376","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","host_organization_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985315250","https://openalex.org/W2089074999","https://openalex.org/W2160262398","https://openalex.org/W2164760367","https://openalex.org/W2401110593","https://openalex.org/W2439550161","https://openalex.org/W2766189893","https://openalex.org/W2799413947","https://openalex.org/W2885937536","https://openalex.org/W2914241896","https://openalex.org/W2952285760","https://openalex.org/W3098725389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969163133","https://openalex.org/W2132431811","https://openalex.org/W2571862601","https://openalex.org/W3132202136","https://openalex.org/W4386524503","https://openalex.org/W4312423708","https://openalex.org/W2938051194","https://openalex.org/W2098320001","https://openalex.org/W2518229219","https://openalex.org/W2109262213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,51,69],"performance":[4],"of":[5,53],"a":[6,54,59],"photonic":[7],"beamforming":[8,21,71],"network":[9,22],"based":[10],"on":[11],"phase":[12,32],"shift":[13,33],"for":[14],"microwave":[15],"applications":[16],"is":[17,47],"analysed.":[18],"The":[19],"proposed":[20,70],"elements":[23],"are":[24],"realised":[25],"as":[26],"Si-photonic":[27],"integrated":[28],"circuits,":[29],"exhibiting":[30],"large":[31],"(>":[34],"360\u00b0)":[35],"and":[36],"limited":[37],"amplitude":[38],"fluctuations":[39],"(~":[40],"3":[41],"dB).":[42],"Extremely":[43],"low":[44],"signal":[45,57],"distortion":[46],"demonstrated,":[48],"by":[49,58,68],"emulating":[50],"transmission":[52],"1-GHz":[55],"chirped":[56],"4-element":[60],"phased":[61],"array":[62],"antenna":[63],"operating":[64],"beam":[65],"steering,":[66],"driven":[67],"network.":[72]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
