{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2974297639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840395","title":"Minimum Cost Design of 5G Networks with UAVs, Tree-based Optical Backhauling, Micro-generation and Batteries","display_name":"Minimum Cost Design of 5G Networks with UAVs, Tree-based Optical Backhauling, Micro-generation and Batteries","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2974297639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840395","mag":"2974297639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2019.8840395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840395","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013356277","display_name":"Luca Chiaraviglio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-2691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Chiaraviglio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni, Italy","CNIT - Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni [Roma] (CNIT (National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications) Viale G. P. Usberti, 181/A Pal.3 - 43124 Parma (PR) - Italy)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNIT - Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni [Roma] (CNIT (National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications) Viale G. P. Usberti, 181/A Pal.3 - 43124 Parma (PR) - Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080983713","display_name":"Fabio D\u2019Andreagiovanni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-3636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102516824","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Technologie de Compi\u00e8gne","ror":"https://ror.org/04y5kwa70","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102516824"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088387","display_name":"Heuristics and Diagnostics for Complex Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/0075hvk77","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102516824","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210088387","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio D'Andreagiovanni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heudiasyc - Heuristique et Diagnostic des Syst\u00e8mes Complexes [Compi\u00e8gne] (UTC, CS 60319 - 57 avenue de Landshut - 60203 Compi\u00e8gne cedex - France)","CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heudiasyc - Heuristique et Diagnostic des Syst\u00e8mes Complexes [Compi\u00e8gne] (UTC, CS 60319 - 57 avenue de Landshut - 60203 Compi\u00e8gne cedex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088387","https://openalex.org/I102516824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091801640","display_name":"Filip Idzikowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4755-1171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["DE","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filip Idzikowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications, Poznan University of Technology, Poland","TUB - Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin (Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin - Germany)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications, Poznan University of Technology, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUB - Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin (Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin - Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074022699","display_name":"Athanasios V. Vasilakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-9877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athanasios V. Vasilakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden","Department of Computer and Telecommunications Engineering [Kozani] (2 Eleftherioy Venizeloy street Kozani GR 50100 - Greece)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Telecommunications Engineering [Kozani] (2 Eleftherioy Venizeloy street Kozani GR 50100 - Greece)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013356277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96995215,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.669303834438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6522399187088013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5873327851295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steiner-tree-problem","display_name":"Steiner tree problem","score":0.5297554135322571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5118762254714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4541882276535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4362012445926666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.40328407287597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3714832663536072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.0990864634513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07047396898269653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.669303834438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6522399187088013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5873327851295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76220878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1764144","display_name":"Steiner tree problem","level":2,"score":0.5297554135322571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5118762254714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4541882276535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4362012445926666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40328407287597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3714832663536072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.0990864634513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07047396898269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2019.8840395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840395","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02412852v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02412852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON 2019), Jul 2019, Angers, France. pp.1-4, ⟨10.1109/ICTON.2019.8840395⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:art.torvergata.it:2108/278688","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2108/278688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400993","display_name":"Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","host_organization_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1388999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1388999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196326","display_name":"Iris Unimore (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967715173","https://openalex.org/W2327622231","https://openalex.org/W2535569742","https://openalex.org/W2742021607","https://openalex.org/W2767144201","https://openalex.org/W2893787932","https://openalex.org/W2962691117"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118320476","https://openalex.org/W2161182859","https://openalex.org/W2025658531","https://openalex.org/W1503036335","https://openalex.org/W4244816249","https://openalex.org/W2115973883","https://openalex.org/W2739242419","https://openalex.org/W1585318792","https://openalex.org/W59641357","https://openalex.org/W28092394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,68],"target":[1],"the":[2,39,51,76,81,84,87,90,96,99,102,113,123],"minimum":[3],"cost":[4],"design":[5],"of":[6,30,41,58,61,80,92,98,125],"a":[7,28,59,65,118],"5G":[8],"network":[9],"exploiting":[10],"Small":[11],"Cells":[12],"(SCs)":[13],"carried":[14],"by":[15,27,56],"Unmanned":[16],"Aerial":[17],"Vehicles":[18],"(UAVs).":[19],"In":[20,49],"our":[21],"architecture,":[22],"UAV-SCs":[23],"can":[24],"be":[25],"recharged":[26],"set":[29,60],"ground":[31,52,82],"sites,":[32,83],"which":[33,121],"provide":[34,131],"energy":[35],"capabilities":[36],"thanks":[37],"to":[38,74,110,117,130],"exploitation":[40],"micro-generation":[42],"(i.e.,":[43],"locally":[44],"produced":[45],"energy)":[46],"and":[47,89],"batteries.":[48],"addition,":[50],"sites":[53],"are":[54],"connected":[55],"means":[57],"optical":[62,85],"fibers":[63],"forming":[64],"tree-based":[66],"topology.":[67],"then":[69],"define":[70],"an":[71],"optimization":[72],"problem":[73],"minimize":[75],"total":[77,114],"installation":[78,124],"costs":[79,115],"network,":[86],"batteries,":[88],"sources":[91],"micro-generation,":[93],"while":[94],"ensuring":[95],"coverage":[97],"territory":[100,133],"through":[101],"UAV-SCs.":[103],"Results":[104],"demonstrate":[105],"that":[106],"it":[107],"is":[108],"possible":[109],"notably":[111],"reduce":[112],"compared":[116],"legacy":[119],"solution,":[120],"assumes":[122],"fixed":[126],"Base":[127],"Stations":[128],"(BSs)":[129],"full":[132],"coverage.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-30T08:08:38.191290","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}